SECTION 4 EROSION CONTROL - PART 2 SOIL …

1 SECTION 4 EROSION CONTROL - PART 2 SOIL stabilization CONTENTS Page Scope and Discussion .. Principles of Biotechnical Practices .. Planning Considerations .. Plant Materials .. Anchored stabilization Matting .. Armored slope and Channel stabilization .. Branch Packing .. Brush Layer .. Brush Mattress .. Fertilizer Application .. Fiber Roll .. Landgrading .. Lime Application .. Live Crib Wall .. Live Fascines .. Live Stakes .. Loose stabilization Blankets .. Mulching.

2 Permanent Construction Area Planting .. Recreation Area Seeding .. Retaining Walls .. Soil Restoration .. stabilization With Sod .. Surface Roughening .. Temporary Construction Area Seeding .. Topsoiling .. Tree Revetment .. Trees, Shrubs, and Vines .. Vegetated Rock Gabions .. Vegetating Sand and Gravel Borrow Areas .. Vegetating Sand Dunes and Tidal Banks .. Vegetating Waterways .. SECTION prepared by: Donald W. Lake Jr., PE, CPESC, CPSWQ Former State Conservation Engineer USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Syracuse, New York Adjunct Assistant Professor State University of New York.

3 College of Environmental Science and Forestry List of Tables and Figures Table Title Page Riprap Gradations .. Guide to Mulch Materials, Rates, and Uses .. Mulch Anchoring Guide .. Permanent Critical Area Planting Mixture Recommendations.

4 Recreation Turfgrass Seed Mixture .. Soil Restoration Requirements .. Topsoil Application Depth .. Size and Weight of Earth Ball Required to Transplant Wild Stock .. Vegetative Treatment Potential for Eroding Tidal Shorelines .. Maximum Permissible Velocities for Selected Seed Figure Title Page Angles of Repose of Riprap Stones.

5 Typical Riprap slope Protection Detail .. Riprap Streambank Protection .. Channel stabilization Methods .. Branch Packing .. Brush Layer .. Brush Mattress .. Fiber Roll .. Typical SECTION of Serrated Cut slope .. Landgrading .. Landgrading - Construction Specifications .. Live Cribwall.

6 Live Fascine .. Live Live Stake Construction Specifications .. Typical Retaining Wall Examples .. Typical Segmented Retaining Wall Example .. Surface Roughening .. Tree Revetment .. Vegetated Rock Gabions .. Combination of Sand Fence and Vegetation for Dune Building .. Typical Cross- SECTION Created by a Combination of Sand Fence and Vegetation .. American Beachgrass Information Sheet .. Cordgrass Information Sheet.

7 Rill Maintenance Measures .. EROSION CONTROL - PART 2 SOIL stabilization Scope and Discussion Soil stabilization is the second step in controlling EROSION on a construction site or a disturbed area. EROSION is the gradual wearing away of the land surface as a result of uncontrolled wind and water energy. Sedimentation is the result of transport and delivery of eroded particles, deposited at some point.

8 EROSION and sediment CONTROL is a complex interaction of soils, engineering water management, agronomic, and horticultural practices. Decisions for resolving EROSION conditions, both on the site and within the upper watershed, are formulated based on surface and subsurface water, soil material, climatic conditions, and anticipated land use. Creating a stable slope is necessary prior to vegetating. Sloughing and slumping impede establishment of a uniform protective cover. Stabilizing onsite surfaces can be done with vegetation in the form of various seed mixes and mulch, land shaping, and using woody plants specifically selected for site specific applications, also known as a bio-technical stabilization approach.

9 General planning considerations for vegetating a steep slope will include evaluating the soil. Factors such as soil texture and steepness affect the stability of the slope . Texture also influences the permeability and water holding capacity of the soil. Many slopes are stripped of their topsoil during the construction phase, leaving an infertile, compacted soil surface, void of valuable organic matter. Topsoil must be reapplied. Overly compacted soil must be decompacted with appropriate equipment. Soil pH and nutrient level are determined by obtaining a representative soil sample for analysis from an accredited lab.

10 Appropriate plant material is designed and selected to meet the final slope and soil conditions for the site. These same concerns and practices also apply to flatter slopes and level areas. When specifying a fertilizer mix for an area, design the appropriate proportions to meet the nutrients needs for the specific site. Always apply as closely as possible the required amount of fertilizer to meet the needs for the site soils. Adding surplus nitrogen may cause pollution of drinking water and saltwater ecosystems. Excessive phosphorus may accelerate the aging process of freshwater ecosystems.