DESIGN OF A LARGE SCALE SOLAR PV SYSTEM AND IMPACT ...

1 SAND MUSTAFA AL-REFAI DESIGN OF A LARGE SCALE SOLAR PV SYSTEM AND IMPACT ANALYSIS OF ITS INTEGRATION INTO LIBYAN POWER GRID NEU 2016 DESIGN OF A LARGE SCALE SOLAR PV SYSTEM AND IMPACT ANALYSIS OF ITS INTEGRATION INTO LIBYAN POWER GRID A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES OF NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY By SAND MUSTAFA AL-REFAI In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering NICOSIA, 2016 DESIGN OF A LARGE SCALE SOLAR PV SYSTEM AND IMPACT ANALYSIS OF ITS INTEGRATION INTO LIBYAN POWER GRID A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES OF NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY By SAND MUSTAFA AL-REFAI In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering NICOSIA, 2016 Sand Mustafa AL-REFAI: DESIGN OF A LARGE SCALE SOLAR PV SYSTEM AND IMPACT ANALYSIS OF ITS INTEGRATION INTO LIBYAN POWER GRID Approval of Director of Graduate School of Applied Sciences Prof.

2 Dr. lkay SAL HO LU We certify this thesis is satisfactory for the award of the degree of Masters of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Examining Committee in Charge: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Fahrio lu Committee Chairman, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Timur Aydmir Supervisor, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, NEU Dr. Umar zg nalp Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, NEU I I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: SAND MUSTAFA AL-REFAI Signature: Date: ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation and thanks to my supervisor, Assoc.

3 Prof. Dr. M. Timur Aydemir , for his guidance and mentorship during my graduate studies. His impressive knowledge and creative thinking have been source of inspiration throughout this work. My deepest gratitude goes to my parents, my wife, my brothers, sisters, and my son, to whom I am most indebted. I thank them for constant love, prayers, patience and support while I was studying abroad. I know I can never come close to returning their favor upon me. A special thanks to my beloved Dad for his sacrifices, never-ending support and encouragement during my study. I would like to thank him for being a constant source of inspiration and motivation for me. Without him I would be no-where near what I have become today. I will always be thankful to my friends and colleagues for their unlimited support. I extend my thanks to all the Libyan community that gave me a second family away from home.

4 Iii To my parents and iv ABSTRACT Electrical energy is very important for sustainability and quality of life on this planet. SOLAR photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most adequate technologies used to convert the energy of the sun to electrical energy. Suitable exploitation of SOLAR energy implies important diminution of the emissions of greenhouse gases. In Libya, due to environmental, economic and development perspectives the Renewable Energy Authority of Libya (REAOL) is planning to implement a grid connected 14 MW photovoltaic (PV) power plant near the Houn city in the Jufra District in Libya. The implementation of such LARGE SCALE SOLAR project may affect the normal parameters of the existing power station. These parameters are mainly voltage control, stability, protection equipment, and harmonic distortion levels.

5 Therefore, this thesis develops a study of the DESIGN of PV SYSTEM to be implemented in Houn substation 220 kV. The study aims to find the optimal parameters of the PV SYSTEM such that it can function correctly. In addition, it investigates the IMPACT of integrating PV directly with the existing grid. Different analysis tools will be used to perform load flow analysis to ascertain the effect on the PV to the grid. Analysis of the voltage variations and voltage stability after the integration of the PV SYSTEM will also be assessed. Harmonic distortion analysis of the SYSTEM is also going to be experimented after the connection of the PV plant to ensure the conformity of the resulting SYSTEM with the international power quality standards. In order to prove the DESIGN validity of the proposed SYSTEM , models and simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK and ETAP program will be established for a practical distribution grid.

6 Real loads and SOLAR energy data will be used in the simulation models for more realistic DESIGN . The results obtained from the analysis will be presented, tabulated, and discussed throughout this work. Keywords: SOLAR energy; photovoltaic (PV); Houn city; Houn substation 220kV; MATLAB/Simulink; ETAP v ZET Elektrik enerjisi gezegenimizdeki ya am n s rd r lebilirli i ve kalitesi i in ok nemlidir. G ne enerjisini elektrik enerjisine d n t rmek i in kullan lan en uygun teknolojilerden biri fotovoltaik panellerdir. G ne enerjisinden uygun bi imde yararlanarak sera etkisi yapan gazlar n yay m azalt labilir. Libya Yenilenebilir Enerji Kurumu (REAOL) evresel, ekonomik ve geli im perspektifleri ile Jufra b lgesinin Houn ehri yak nlar nda ebeke ba lant l 14 MW g c nde fotovoltaik enerji tesisinin kurulumunu planlamaktad r. Bu l ekte bir g ne enerjisi sisteminin kurulumu, mevcut enerji santralinin normal parametrelerini etkileyebilir.

7 Bu parametrelerin ba l calar gerilim kontrol , kararl l k, koruma cihazlar ve harmonik bozunum seviyeleridir. Bu tezde 220 kV gerilimli Houn alt merkezinde kurulacak PV sistemin tasar m na y nelik bir al ma ger ekle tirilmektedir. al man n amac , PV sistemin i levini do ru bi imde yerine getirebilmek i in gerekli optimum parametrelerin bulunmas d r. Ayr ca, PV sistemin mevcut ebekeye do rudan ba lanmas n n etkileri incelenmektedir. PV sistemin ebekeye etkisini de erlendirmek amac yla y k ak analizini yapmak i in farkl analiz ara lar kullan lmaktad r. PV sistemin entegrasyonunun ba lant s ndan sonra gerilimdeki de i imlerin ve gerilim kararl l n n analizi de ger ekle tirilmektedir. Sistemin uluslararas g kalitesi standartlar na uygun davrand n g rmek i in harmonik bozunum analizi de yap lmaktad r. nerilen sistemin tasar m n n do rulu unu g stermek i in ger ek sistemin ve da t m ebekesinin MATLAB/SIMULINK ve ETAP programlar ile modellemesi ve benzetimi ger ekle tirilmi tir.

8 Daha ger ek i bir tasar m i in ger ek y k ve g ne enerjisi verileri kullan lm t r. al mada, analizlerden elde edilen veriler sunulmakta ve tart lmaktad r. Anahtar Kelimeler: G ne enerjisi; Photovoltaik (PV) enerji; Houn ehri; Houn 220 kV altmerkezi; MATLAB/Simulink; ETAP vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .. ii ABSTRACT .. iv ZET .. v TABLE OF CONTENTS .. vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .. xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Introduction .. 1 Aim of the Thesis .. 5 Overview of the Thesis .. 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction .. 7 Literature Review .. 7 CHAPTER 3: DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS Introduction .. 9 Electric Power Networks vs. Distributed Generation .. 9 History of distributed generation .. 11 Types of distributed generation technologies .. 13 Gas turbines .. 13 Micro 13 Engines .. 13 Fuel cells .. 14 Wind turbines .. 14 Photovoltaic SOLAR cell.

9 15 Photovoltaic Systems .. 15 Advantages and drawbacks of SOLAR energy .. 16 vii Energy Potential in Libya .. 17 Photovoltaic applications in Libya .. 20 PV SYSTEM for Libyan microwave communication networks .. 20 SOLAR energy for cathodic protection .. 21 Rural electrification with PV systems .. 21 PV systems for water pumping .. 22 Methodology of the Work .. 23 Modelling and Analysis Software .. 24 MATLAB / SIMULINK (version (R2009a)) .. 24 ETAP (version ) .. 24 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF GRID CONNECTED PV SYSTEM FOR LIBYAN NATIONAL GRID Introduction .. 25 DESIGN Procedure of the PV Station .. 25 DESIGN and selection of grid tied inverter .. 26 DESIGN of the central inverter .. 28 Layout of grid connected PV SYSTEM with the central inverters .. 32 Cable sizing .. 33 Sizing cables between PV modules .. 34 Sizing of cable from PV array bus-bar to inverter.

10 35 Sizing of cable from inverter to main junction .. 35 Sizing of circuit breakers .. 36 Sizing of circuit protection between PV array and inverter .. 36 Sizing of circuit protection on every phase output of inverter .. 37 Synchronization with the SYSTEM .. 37 PV Modelling Using SIMULINK .. 38 Electrical circuit models of PV modules .. 38 Simulink modelling for PV module .. 41 PV Simulation results and discussions .. 43 viii CHAPTER 5: POWER SYSTEM STUDIES FOR PV INTEGRATION Introduction .. 45 Load Flow Study and Analysis Using ETAP .. 45 Load flow simulation using ETAP .. 46 Short Circuit Study and Analysis Using ETAP .. 48 Short circuit simulation using ETAP .. 48 Harmonics Study and Analysis Using ETAP .. 49 Transient Stability Study and Analysis Using ETAP .. 50 CHAPTER 6: RESULTS ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM STUDIES Introduction .. 51 Load Flow Analysis.