© 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and ...

1 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction .. Design Imperative .. Scope .. Definitions ..1-2 chapter 2: Bicycle Planning .. Background .. Why Planning for Bicycling is Important .. Factors Influencing Bicycling Behavior .. Trip Purpose .. Level of User Skill and Comfort .. Types of Transportation Planning Processes .. Comprehensive Transportation Plans .. Bicycle Master Plans .. Transportation Impact/Traffic Studies .. Small-Area and Corridor-Level Planning .. Project Level Planning Approvals.

2 Planning Bicycle Transportation Networks .. Deciding Where Improvements Are Needed .. Practical (Opportunistic) Approach to Network Planning .. Wayfinding for Bicycles .. Technical Analysis Tools That Support Bicycle Planning .. Data Collection and Flow Analysis .. Quality of Service (or Level of Service) Tools .. Safety Analysis .. GIS-Based Data Collection/Network Planning .. Bicycle Travel Demand Analysis .. Cost-Benefit Analysis .. Key Role of Public Input in the Process .. Integrating Bicycle Facilities with Transit ..2-27 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable 3: Bicycle Operation and Safety.

3 Introduction .. Design Vehicle .. Traffic Principles for Bicyclists .. Causes of Bicycle Crashes .. Bicyclist Crash Studies .. Overall Findings .. Contributing Causes of Bicyclist-Motor Vehicle Crashes and Recommended Countermeasures ..3-9 chapter 4: Design of On-Road Facilities .. Introduction .. Elements of Design .. Shared Shared Lanes on Major Roadways (Wide Curb/Outside Lanes) .. Signs for Shared Roadways .. Marked Shared Lanes .. Paved Shoulders .. Shoulder Bypass Lanes .. Rumble Strips .. Bicycle Lanes .. General Considerations .. Bicycle Lanes on Two-Way Streets .. Bicycle Lanes on One-Way Streets.

4 Bicycle Lane Widths .. Bicycle Lanes and On-Street Parking .. Bicycle Lane Markings and Signs .. Bicycle Lane Lines .. Bicycle Lane Markings .. Bicycle Lane Signs .. Bicycle Lanes at Intersections .. Right Turn Considerations .. Left Turn Considerations .. Retrofitting Bicycle Facilities on Existing Streets and Highways .. Retrofitting Bicycle Facilities By Widening the Roadway .. Retrofitting Bicycle Facilities Without Roadway Widening .. Bicycle Boulevards .. Bicycle Guide Signs/Wayfinding .. Other Roadway Design Considerations ..4-38 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation rights reserved.

5 Duplication is a violation of applicable Railroad Grade Crossings .. Obstruction Markings .. Bridges, Viaducts, and Tunnels .. Traffic Signals .. Detection for Bicycles at Traffic Signals .. Bicycles and Traffic Calming .. Bicycles and Traffic Management .. Drainage Grates and Utility Covers .. Bicycle Travel on Freeways .. Bicycle Travel Through Interchange Areas .. Bicycle Travel at Roundabouts ..4-63 chapter 5: Design of Shared Use Paths .. Introduction .. Accessibility Requirements for Shared Use Paths .. Elements of Design .. Width and Clearance .. Shared Use Paths Adjacent to Roadways (Sidepaths) .. Shared Use with Mopeds, Motorcycles, Snowmobiles, and Horses.

6 Design Speed .. Horizontal Alignment .. Cross Slope .. Grade .. Stopping Sight Distance .. Surface Structure .. Bridges and Underpasses .. Drainage .. Lighting .. Shared Use Path Roadway Intersection Design .. Shared Use Path Crossing Types .. Design of Mid-Block Crossings .. Examples of Mid-Block Intersection Controls .. Sidepath Intersection Design Considerations .. Other Intersection Treatments .. Additional Bicycle Crossing Considerations .. Pavement Markings, Signs, and Signals .. Pavement Markings .. Signs .. Signalized and Active Warning Crossings ..5-54 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation rights reserved.

7 Duplication is a violation of applicable 6: Bicycle Parking Facilities .. Introduction .. Planning for Bicycle Parking .. Short-Term Bicycle Parking Facilities .. Site Design .. Rack Design .. Considerations for Special Types of Racks .. Long-Term Bicycle Parking Facilities ..6-4 chapter 7: Maintenance and Operations .. Introduction .. Recommended Maintenance Programs and Activities .. Sweeping .. Surface Repairs .. Pavement Overlays .. Vegetation .. Traffic Signal Detectors .. Signs and Markings .. Drainage Improvements .. Chip Sealing .. Patching Activities .. Utility Cuts .. Snow Clearance .. Operating Bikeways in Work Rural Highway Construction.

8 Urban Roadway Construction ..7-7 Index ..I-1 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable of FiguresChapter 2 Figure 2-1 Typical Wayfinding Signs ..2-20 chapter 3 Figure 3-1 Bicyclist Operating Space ..3-2 Figure 3-2 Typical Bicyle Dimensions ..3-3 Figure 3-3 Common Maneuvers for Bicyclists Turning Left at an Intersection ..3-7 chapter 4 Figure 4-1 Share The Road Sign Assembly ..4-3 Figure 4-2 Bicycles May Use Full Lane Sign ..4-3 Figure 4-3 Wrong Way Ride With Traffic Sign Assembly ..4-4 Figure 4-4 Shared-Lane Marking ..4-5 Figure 4-5 Typical Shared-Lane Marking Cross Section on Street with Parking.

9 4-6 Figure 4-6 Typical Shared-Lane Marking Cross Section on Street with No On-Street Parking ..4-6 Figure 4-7 Shoulder Bypass Lane ..4-8 Figure 4-8 Rumble Strips ..4-9 Figure 4-9 Rumble Strip Design Parameters ..4-10 Figure 4-10 Example of Paved Shoulder Designated as Bicycle Lane ..4-11 Figure 4-11 Shared-Lane Marking and Bike Lane on Steep Street ..4-12 Figure 4-12 Typical Markings for One-Way Street Designed for Two-Way Bicycle Travel ..4-13 Figure 4-13 Typical Bike Lane Cross Sections ..4-15 Figure 4-14 Example of Bike Lane Adjacent to Parallel Parking ..4-16 Figure 4-15 Example of Bike Lane Adjacent to Back-in Diagonal 4-16 Typical Bike Lane Pavement Markings.

10 4-19 Figure 4-17 Bike Lane Symbol Markings ..4-20 Figure 4-18 Example of Symbol Placement to Avoid Premature Wear ..4-21 Figure 4-19 Bike Lane Sign ..4-22 Figure 4-20 Examples of Bike Lanes Approaching Right-Turn-Only Lanes (With and Without Parking) ..4-24 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable 4-21 Example of Bike Lane with Through Lane Transitioning to Right-Turn-Only Lane ..4-25 Figure 4-22 Example of Bike Left-Turn-Only Lane ..4-27 Figure 4-23 Example of Road Diet ..4-31 Figure 4-24 Road Diet Before and After ..4-32 Figure 4-25 D11 Series Bicycle Route Signs.