Chapter : 1 Types of Articles

1 GRAMMARC hapter : 1 Types of of of the Definite of the Indefinite of the your Progress - for Self - OBJECTIVESF riends ! We begin with the most important aspect of English language - Grammar! As we get introduced to each Chapter , you will realize how interesting grammar is andalso how it improves your language Chapter deals with three small words a , an and the - yes the have a unique importance in every the end of this Chapter , we will be able to -1)use definite and indefinite )explain examples where Articles are )explain nouns used in general and special INTRODUCTIONA rticle is a word which points out at a person, thing or place spoken of.

2 Thusarticle refers to the are two Types of Articles . Definite and Indefinite article . Definite article tellsus about a specific person or this while indefinite article speaks of any person thing some cases, as we see ahead nouns may be referred to without any Types OF ARTICLESThe unit at first introduces rules for correct use of Articles in are two Articles - a (or. an) and theA or an is called the Indefinite article , as it leaves indefinite the person or thingspoken of as : A doctor, A school, A man, A woman - here a points out any doctor, anyschool or any man or of Articles / 1 English / 2 The is called the Definite article , as it normally points out some particularperson or thing as : He saw the doctor - where the points out some particular indefinite article is used before singular countable nouns A book, Anorange, A girl The definite article is used before singular countable nouns, plural countableand uncountable nouns, for eg.

3 The book, the books, the milkA or AnThe choice between a and an is determined by sound before a word beginningwith a vowel sound an is used : For eg., an egg, an orange an honest man, an hour. A andAn are used with the singular number USE OF THE DEFINITE we talk about a particular person or thing, or one already referred to earlier, a singular noun is meant to represent a whole classfor eg. The cow is a useful animal,The rose is the sweetest of all some proper names :for eg., oceans and seas: the Pacific, the black searivers : the Ganga, the the names of certain books :for eg., The Vedas, the Puranas, the names of things unique of their kind; asfor eg.

4 , The sun, the sky, the a Proper noun when it is qualified by an adjective or a defining adjectivalclause :for eg., The great Caesar, The immortal Superlativesfor eg., The darkest cloud has a silver lining, This is the best book of ordinals :for eg., He was the first man to arrive, The ninth Chapter of the book is very an adjective when the noun is understood,for eg., The poor is always with a noun to give the force of a Superlativefor eg., The Verb is the word in a an Adverb with Comparatives :for eg., The more the nouns take the when used in a particular sense (especially whenqualified by an adjective of adjectival phrase of clause) for eg.

5 , Would you pass methe sugar! The wisdom of Solomon is USE OF THE INDEFINITE its original numerical sense of one:for eg., Twelve inches make a foot. Not a word was a vague sense of a certainfor eg., One evening a beggar came to my the sense of any, to single out an individual as the representative of a class: foreg., A pupil should obey his teacher A cow is a useful make a common noun of a proper noun :for eg., A Daniel come to judgement! (A Daniel - a very wise man) OMISSION OF THE names of substances, proper and abstract nouns (uncountable nouns)used in a general sense:for eg., Sugar is bad for your is a precious metalDelhi is the capital of IndiaWisdom is the gift of plural countable nouns used in a general sense:for eg.

6 , Children like chocolatesComputers are used in many languagesfor eg., We are studying EnglishThey speak Punjabi at predicative nouns denoting a unique position ie., a position that is normallyheld at one time by one person only:for eg., He was elected Chairman of the BoardMr. Mathur became Principal of the School in 1995. - Check your progress1. French is ..easy language2. He is ..honour to the profession3. Mumbai is ..very dear place to live Which is ..longest river in India5. The guide knows .. SUMMARYThe given Chapter thus explains the significance of Articles we can summariesthe Chapter in the following points :- a and an are called indefinite Articles while the is a definite article .

7 Definite article point out to a particular person or a thing or place a. Indefinite Articles points out to any person, thing or place. Articles are omitted in case of proper and abstract nouns and plural CHECK YOUR PROGRESS - - an2. an3. a4. the5. QUESTIONS FOR SELF - STUDYC omplete the following sentences by filling in a or an or the as may be is _____ easy is _____ girl sitting there ? is _____ longest river in India ? guide knows _____ is _____ honour to this world is _____ happy reindeer is a native of is _____ very dear place to live SUGGESTED School English Grammar and Composition byP. C. Wren, H. Martin (Editedby Prasada Rao) English Effectively by Mohan Krishna and Singh of Articles / 3 English / OBJECTIVESDear Friends !

8 Today we learn about prepositions. Now what are they, What istheir importance in grammar?At the end of this Chapter we will be able to explain prepositions and how they are placed before those particular various Types of usage in INTRODUCTIONA preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relationthe person or thing denoted by it stands in regard to something word preposition means that which is placed before .The noun or pronoun which is used with a preposition is called its preposition may have two or more objects as:for eg., The road runs over hill and preposition is often placed before its object, but sometimes follows it : for eg.

9 ,i)Here is the watch that you asked for. ii)What are you looking at?The Preposition for, from, in, on are often omitted before nouns of place or time as:i)for eg., We did it last )I cannot walk a KINDS OF PREPOSITIONP repositions may be arranged in the following classes:Prepositions / 5 Chapter : of that requirespecial Special your Progress - for Self - ReadingsEnglish / Preposition :At, by, for, from, in, of, off, on, out, through, till, to, up, Prepositions :which are generally formed by prefixing a preposition to a noun , an Adjective or , Above, Across, Along, Amidst, Among, Before, Behind, Beside, Between,Inside, Outside, Underneath, Within, Preposition :which is a group of words used with the force of a single prepositionfor eg.

10 , According to, in accordance with, in place of, along with, in course of, owingto, with a view to, in order to, for the sake of Place :About, across, among, before, between below, behind, from, through, near, on,over, under, upon, within, round, without, beside of Time :After, at, in, on, during, since, through, throughout, towards, from, during, into, is used to indicate a definite point of time:for eg., He came at 8 o clock, I shall tell him the fact at the right is used to indicate year, century, morning, evening, time period (in years,hours, days, months) seasons etc as:for eg., I get up early in the morning. It shall be completed in four is used in expressing days and dates, asfor eg.