FLUID POWER FORMULAS - Advanced Fluid Power, Inc.

1 FLUIDPOWERFORMULASBASIC FORMULASFORMULAFOR:WORDFORMULA:lETTERFOR MULA:FLUIDPRESSUREPRESSURE_FORCE(fXJUnds ) (SquareInches)=AOfpSI= AFLUIDFlOWRATE=VOLUME(Gallons)= (Minute)TFLUIDPOWERINHORSEPOWERHORSEPOWE R=PRESSURE(PSI)xFLOW(GPM)HP=~17141714 FLUIDFORMULASVELOCITYTHROUGHPIPINGVELOCI TY=. (GPM)V=.32080tnFeet/Second~INTERNAlAREA( SquareInches)ACOMPRESSIBILITYOFOilADDITI ONALPRESSURE(psi)xVOLUMEOFOilUNDERPRESSU REpv Approximately=VA=25O,ooolapprox.)\/2%Per 1000psiInAdditionalRequiredOr7 ToReachPressureVOLUME250,000lapprox.)COM PRESSIBILITYOFAFLUID1-CIP)=--1-COMPRESSI BILITY=BULKMODULUSOFTHEFLUID8 MSPECIFICGRAVITYOFA FLUIDSPECIACGRAVITY=WEIGHTOFONECUBICFOOT OFflUIDSG= )FLOWFACTORVALVEFACTOR(e.

2 ,)_flOWRATE(GPM)x\JSPECIFICGRAVITYc.,=aV SGVPRESSUREDROP(PS!)IfiPFORVISCOSITIESOF 32TO100 SAYBOlTUNIVERSAlSECONDS:VISCOSITYINCENnS TOKESCEIITISTOKES=.2253xSUS-~CS=. :VISCOSITYINCENTISTOKESCElITISTOKES=. :VISCOSITYINCENTISTOKESCENTISTOKES=2!!.. ( )0=~InGallons/Minute231231 PUMPINPUTPOWERHORSEPOWERINPUT=FlO'NRATEO UTPUT(GFM)xPRESSURE(psi)HP=_O_P_orGPMxps iInHOrsepD!!frRequired1714xEFFICIE/ICY(O v-r:raU)m1714 Elf1714E1fPUMPEFACIENCYOVERAllEFACIENCY= OUTPUTHORSEPOWERx100 Elfa,=!!kx100 OVERALLINPERCENTlllPUTHORSEPO'NERHP"OVER AllEFACIENCY= ",=EIf,' ,TEOUTPUT(GPMJx100 EIf~.=~x100 VOLUMETRICINPERCENTTHEORETICAlFLOWRATEOU TPUT{GPMJO", !=TTHEDX100= RATEDSPEED(RPM)x(RATEDPRESSURE(PSI)\38'0 = ,xf-;:iJB,oBEARINGLIft"NEVISPEED{RPM}flE WPRESSURE(PSI)JRPMMPHACTUATORFORMULASFOR MULAFOR:WORDFORMULAlETTERFORMULACYLINDER AREAAREA=rXRADIUS>(Inches)A=712 InSquiireInchesAREA=.)}

3 !:.xDIAMETER'(Inches)A=r[ orA=.78S[ 44 CYLINOERFORCEFORCE=PRESSURE(psi)xNETAREA ( )F=psixAorF=PAInP/JUnds, :FLUIDPOWERFORMULASACTUATORFORMULAS-CONT INUEDWORDFORMULALETTERFORMULACYLINDERVEL OCITYorSPEEDInFeetJSerondCYLINDERVOLUMEC APACITYInGallonsofFluidCYlINDERflOWRATEI nGallonsPerMinuteflUIDMOTORTOROUEInInchP oundsflUIDMOTORTOROUE/100psiInInchPounds FLUIDMOTORSPEEDInRevoIulions/MinuleFLUID MOTORPOWERInHorsepowerOutputVELOCITYVOLU MEflOWR~TETOROUETOROUE/loopsi-SPEEDHORSE POWER =231xflOWRATE(GP!.1)12x60xIIETAREA( SquareInches)=rXRADiUS'(Inches)xSTROKE(I nches)231=IIETAREA(SlrweInches)xSTROKE(I nches)231_12x60xVELOCITY(FeevSec)xNETARE A(SquareInCl1es)231=PRESSURE(psi) ( )2r=HORSEPOWERx63025 RPM=FLOWRATE(GPM)xPRESSURE(psi) ( ).]]

4 0628_231flOWRATE(GPM) ( )=TORQUEOUTPUT(InchPounds)xRPM63025 THERMALFORMULASy=2310ory=.3208072 MAv=rf'I221v= ~I=Length01 Slroke231o=720vAor0= ,==.0628-2310n=-d--TnHP=63025 NOTE:ONEBRITISHTHERMALUNIT(BTU) (BTU/HR)=2xTEMPERATUREOJFFERENCEBffi'/EE NRESERVOIRWAlLSANDAIR(oF)xAREAOFRESERVOI R( )BTUIHR= (approx.)IHEAT(BTU/HR)DUETOSYSTEMINEFFIC IENCY(SG=. )HEATINFRESHWATER(approx.)tHEAT(BTU/HR)N OTE:SEEPAGES79 THROUGH84 FORINFORMATION=Fl(J.'I1WE(GPM)x210xTEMPE RATUREDIFFERENCE(oF)=FLOWRATE(GPAt)x500x TEMPERATUREDIFFERENCE(OF)PRESSUREDROPFOR MULASBTU/HR=0x210xATBTU/HR=0x500xATNOTE: SEEPAGES130 AND131 FORADDITIONALINFORMATIONACCUMULATOR FORMULASW hereUP"=psia(ABSOLUTf}=psig(GAUGEPRESSUR E)+ "r(Temperature)PRESSUREORTEMPERATUREw/Co nstant"V"(Volume)VOLUMEORTEMPERATUREw/Co nstant"P"(Pressure)PRESSUREORVOLUMEw/Tem petalureChangeDueToHeatofCompressionWORD formula :ORlGIIIALPRESSURExORIGINALVOLUME =.))

5 FIfIALPRESSURExFINALVOLUME. ,IPERATURE;; ,IPERATURE=FINALVOLUMExORIGINALTEMPERATU REORIGINALPRESSURExORIGIIIALVOLUME"..=FI NALPRESSURExFINALVOLUME" >i;,; \",:,eINALPRESSUREl'" .. :P,V,=P,V,lsothermicP,T,=P,T,lsochoricV, T,=V,T, F4 C~rams. -\y.;; of-WaterVOLUME&CAPACITYEQUIVALENTS-Cubic ~~~ , (U, ) ,200 ( )+ ( ). ,320 CubicfeetCuinches1, ( ) ,317 , ( ). ,000,000 CubicmetersCufeet35,31 CubicmetersCuinches61,023 CubicmetersGallons( ) ,000 DegreeFahrenheitDegreeCelsiust DC=(t OF-32) , , ,20032 Kilograms/sqcmPounds/sqft2,048 Kilograms/ ,00009807 Kilograms/sqmeterPounds/sqin,001422 LitersCucm1, ( ) (Pa)Bar,00001 Pascal(Pa) (Pa)6,895 , ,gallonsLiters3, "SI"(InternationalStandards)unitsshownbe lowareadoptedforusebytheInternationalFlu idPowerCom-munity,andshouldbeusedondocum entspreparedforinternationalcirculation.

6 "Customary" (in).Ibs/sqin(psigorpsia).inchesofmercur y(inHg) ( ).cubicfeetperminute(cfm)pound(f)orIb(f) (force).pound(m)orIb(m)(mass).second(see )gallon( ).degreesFahrenheit(0F)pounds(f)-inchesI bs(f)-inhorsepower(HP).revolutionspermin ute(rpm)cyclespersecond(cps).cubicinches perrevolution(cipr).SayboltUniversalSeco nds(SUS)feetpersecond(fps).**Pressurebel owatmospherictt@38 C;Factoris @99 (mm).Pressure*bar(bar,g orbar,a).Pressure**mmofmercury(mmHg)Flow **litersperminute(I/min)Flowtcubicdecime ters/see(dm3/sec)ForceNewton(N) (Kg) (see)Volume*.**.liter(I).Temperaturedegr eesCelcius(oC) (Nm)Powerkilowat(kw)ShaftSpeedrevolution sperminute(rpm) (Hz).

7 Displacementmillileters/revolution(ml/re v)Kinematicviscositycentistokes(cSt). (m/s)NOTES:*Pressureaboveatmospheric**Li quidConversionFactor1 in= bar= inHg= dm3/sec= Ib(f)- Kg= (m)1 C=5/9(OF-32)1 Nm= (f)-in1 kw= Hz=1 cps lml/rev= ( )(SUS)tt1 m/s= Liter= ImperialGallon= CubicFoot= BaratSeaLevel= ( ) Horsepower=33, , ' "WaterFootColumnofWater= "Hg= BarrelOil=42 Gallons1 Micro-meter=1 Millionthofa Meter(Micron)=1 Thousandthofa Meter= Quarts;or8 Pint=2 cups=16fluidounces=1 pound1 Pint=96teaspoons=32tablespoons=16fluidou nces1 Quart=4 cups=2 pints=32fluidounces=2 pounds1 Quart=192teaspoons=64tablespoons= Gallon=16cups=4 quarts=8 pints1 Gallon=768teaspoons=256tablespoons= Gallon=231cubicinches=76,800drops1 Cup=16tablespoons=48teaspoons1 Tablespoon=3 teaspoons2 Tablespoons=1 fluidounce1 Fluidounce(volume)=600drops(hydraulicoil )1 Cubicinch= intoequivalentvaluesofunitsinColumn2,mul tiplybyfactorinColumn3,Example:Toconvert 7 gallonsintocubicinches,multiply7 x231= , :Toconvert25horsepowerintoBTUperminute, ~ ,000 Atmospheres~InchesofMercury("Hg) ~PSI( ).

8 +32 InchesofMercury("Hg)Atmospheres(Bars)*. ("Hg) ("Hg)PSI( ( ) ( ) (Micron) (Statute) ,400 MilesperHour(MPH) (Angle) {MPH) (Weight). ( FLUID ) (Bars)*. ("Hg) ( ) ( )Atmospheres(Bars)*. ( ) ( ) ( )CubicFeet ( )CubicInches..231 Temperature(oF)- 32 Temperature(oC) ( *1 Barequalsapproximately1 bar= ,or,1 PSI=.069barPSI 1050100250500750100015002000250030005000 Bars .. (liquid)or,1 ~ ,or1 dm3 ~51015255075100150200250300350Dm3/sec~)}