Electrophilic Substitution Reactions
Found 11 free book(s)
Professor J. Stephen Clark
www.chem.gla.ac.uk• Electrophilic substitution reactions of pyrroles, furans and thiophenes • Metallation of five-membered heteroaromatics and use the of directing groups • Strategies for accomplishing regiocontrol during electrophilic substitution Indoles • Comparison of electronic structure and reactivity of …
Nitration of Toluene (Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution)
www.cerritos.edubenzene in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Toluene undergoes nitration to give ortho and para nitrotoluene isomers, but if heated it can give dinitrotoluene and ultimately the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT). Figure 2: Reaction of …
10 Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and
www.pearsonhighered.comundergo a subsequent electrophilic addition reaction with HBr to form more of the substitution product (Section 6.1). Tertiary alcohols undergo substitution reactions with hydrogen halides faster than secondary alcohols do because tertiary carbocations are more stable and, therefore, are formed more rapidly than secondary carbocations.
A NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION
www.people.vcu.edunucleophilic substitution. The nucleophile, or electron rich species, attacks the electrophilic carbon of the alkyl group to give the substituted product. A different nucleophile is generated as a by-product of the reaction. Table E26-1 on the following page gives a number of examples of nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Types of Organic ReactionsTypes of Organic Reactions
www.csus.eduTypes of Organic ReactionsTypes of Organic Reactions 1. Addition Reactions: A1. Addition Reactions: A + B → C HO OH O O + H 2O HO OH O O OH fumarate malate 2. Elimination Reactions: D → E + F HO OH O O + H 2 HO OH O O succinate fumarate 3. Substitution Reactions: G-H + I → G-I + H O O O O 1 HO O + SCoA HO O a-ketoglutarate succinyl CoA
Reactions of Benzene & Its Derivatives
colapret.cm.utexas.eduElectrophilic Aromatic Substitution • Electrophilic aromatic substitution: a Electrophilic aromatic substitution: reaction in which a hydrogen atom of an aromatic ring is replaced by an electrophile • In this section: – several common types of electrophiles – how each is generated – the mechanism by which each replaces hydrogen + + H ...
Benzene and Its Derivatives
pa01000125.schoolwires.net9.5 What Is Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution? 9.6 What Is the Mechanism of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution? 9.7 How Do Existing Substituents on Benzene Affect Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution? 9.8 What Are Phenols? HOW TO 9.1 How to Determine Whether a Lone Pair of Electrons Is or Is Not Part of an Aromatic Pi System
Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
crab.rutgers.eduCh17 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds (landscape).docx Page3 Bromination of Benzene Bromination follows the same general mechanism for the electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS). Bromine itself is not electrophilic enough to react with benzene. But the addition of a strong Lewis acid (electron pair acceptor), such as FeBr 3
Organic Chemistry I: Reactions and Overview
sites.tufts.edu6 Ionic Reactions - Overview 6.1 General Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions A deprotonation step is required to complete the reaction when the nucelophile was a neutral atom that bore a proton Example showing deprotonation 4: 6.2 Carbocation Stability Order of Carbocation Stability: 3 >2 >1 >Methyl 6.3 actorsF A ecting the Rates of S N1 and S ...
Chapter 23. Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
as.vanderbilt.eduChapter 23. Carbonyl Condensation Reactions As a result of the large dipole of the carbonyl group: 1. The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic and is the site of addition reactions by nucleophiles; 2. The α-protons are acidic and can be deprotonated by strong bases to give an enolate, which are nucleophiles and react with electrophiles. C CH O B ...
Chem 232 Final Problem Set key
ramsey1.chem.uic.eduSubstitution of alkyl halides can compete with elimination as shown in the figure below. Clearly state three conditions (or circumstances) that favor substitution over elimination. Based on those conditions, draw the expected major product for the two reactions below. Br NaN 3 Br KOC 1. 2. 3. Le av ing rou ps my, allylic or benzylic carbon atom