Diet and Kidney Stones

1 Recommended Reading: diet and K idney Stones can be prevented or controlled by dietary intervention or medication. The intent of this booklet is to Fluids z Drink at least 10 to 12 cups ( to 3 L). "No More Kidney Stones ". provide information to people who have per day. Half of all fluids taken should by John S. Rodman, MD. Cynthia Seidman, RD. Rory Jones Kidney Kidney Stones . The risk of forming Kidney Stones is related z preferably be water. Drinking enough fluid each day will help to factors such as inheritance, gender, age, to wash chemical salts or crystals through ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Stones occupation, metabolic disturbances within the body, urinary tract infections, eating the kidneys before Stones have a chance to form. habits, and fluid intake. z In hot, humid weather conditions, it is Prepared by: Clinical Dietitians, Nephrologists, Stone Prevention Clinic important to increase fluid intakes to The most common Stones are those and Registered Nurses composed of calcium and oxalate crystals.

2 Make up for losses due to perspiration Stone Prevention Clinic The Kidney Stone Centre Foods in the diet , along with chemical from the skin. Diabetes Comprehesive Care Program A guide to healthy reactions within the body, result in the St. Michael's Hospital z Limit alcohol and caffeine beverages, eating for people with release of chemical salts in the urine. avoid tea, Coke, Pepsi, Root Beer, Dr. Artwork by: Denis Ouellette Kidney Stones The following risk factors increase one's Pepper. chances of forming calcium oxalate Stones : z Add cup concentrated (Real Lemon). Important telephone numbers LOW urine output (less than 2L per day) lemon juice to 2 litre (8 cups) water and University of Toronto LOW urine magnesium citrate drink over the day to increase urine HIGH urine calcium citrates. Citrates help to prevent Stones oxalate from forming naturally.

3 Sodium uric acid The Kidney Stone Centre The 24-hour urine collection gives an indication of the risk factors present. The A provincial program at St. Michael's Hospital diet can be modified to change the chemical in conjunction with composition of the urine with the aim of The University of Toronto reducing the risk of Kidney stone formation. Instructions might need to be modified by your physician or dietitian depending upon your individual requirements. The following diet modifications are suggested: FLUID INTAKE. CALCIUM (only if excessive). OXALATE. SODIUM / SALT. Form No. 69134 Rev. 01/2003 ANIMAL PROTEIN. CALCIUM OXALATE SODIUM / SALT ANIMAL PROTEIN. z Oxalate comes from eating foods rich in z A high amount of salt in your diet tends z Most North Americans consume very z Calcium and Vitamin D are needed for generous portions of animal protein products, this substance, from Vitamin C to increase the amount of calcium in the healthy bones.

4 Therefore, it is important to such as meat, fish, poultry, & eggs. supplements, and from chemical reactions urine. include calcium in your diet . within the body. z Eating large amounts of animal protein can z z To control amount of salt in your diet , try to increase the amount of uric acid, calcium Too little calcium in the diet might result in z Oxalate in the urine can be decreased by limit the use of the following foods which are and possibly oxalate in the urine. too much oxalate being absorbed and decreasing oxalate in the diet , while taking rich in sodium/salt: REDUCE portion sizes of animal protein released into the urine. enough calcium to maintain a proper products. (Daily serving of 4-6 oz. or 1. SALT PRESERVED FOODS. balance of these two elements. 100-150 gm. cooked is ideal). smoked, pickled, canned or Foods High in Calcium seasoned meats, fish, and Limit the use of the following foods, z Avoid using the following foods high in poultry , bologna, bacon, which readily produce uric acid: Dairy Products oxalate content: ham, salami, sausage, pastrami, Organ Meats - liver, kidneys, heart Milk - tongue anchovies, caviar, herring Milk Puddings / Custard Avoid: - brain Yogurt Dark green leafy vegetables spinach, 2.

5 HIGHLY SALTED FOODS - sweetbreads canned vegetables / vegetable juices Ice Cream swiss chard, beet greens, kale, escarole, Goose / Game Meats / Rabbit Cheese (low salt) watercress, etc. , tomato juice Anchovies / Fish Roe canned / powder soups Rhubarb, beets Sardines / Herring . Nuts bouillon cubes Mussels / Scallops Other Products: . Tea - (black, green, mint) processed cheese products . Orange juice with added calcium (limit to Vitamin C supplements salted crackers / salted snack foods, Your Test Nos. Your risk max. one 8oz. glass a day) Coke, Pepsi, Root Beer, Dr. Pepper such as, chips, nuts, pretzels Normal Date Date = high risk most cheeses 24hour Urine 9 = low risk Limit: 3. SPICES / CONDIMENTS. Chocolate table salt Volume more garlic / onion salts, Accent (MSG) than 2000 ml Strawberries and other berries . Have three (3) servings per day of dairy Soya products: soy sauce, steak and worcestershire Calcium less foods from the above list, with the main - tofu, veggie burgers, meat substitutes sauces, chili sauce, ketchup than mmol.

6 Meals, and when you eat fruits and Beans - String, baked, Kidney , soy sauerkraut, olives, dill pickles Oxalate less . vegetables. Fruit juice (max. 2 cups/day) Avoid using salt substitutes , sea than 440 mol Parsley salt, No Salt , Half-salt , Nu-salt , Uric Acid less Over-the-counter calcium preparations should MSG, brine. than mmol only be taken on the advice of your physician z When preparing food REDUCE the Choose: Sodium ( , Tums , Rolaids ). amount of salt. Herbal teas - chamomile, ginger, rosehip, 100-150 mmol peach, etc. z Try using herbs, spices, fresh or powdered Citrate more than Avoid Sprite, Ginger Ale, 7-Up onion and garlic, Mrs. Dash or mmol/24hr. Nuts & Soya Milk; these are very high in All other fruits and vegetables not listed oxalate. McCormick's No salt added , and lemon Magnesium more above. juice as flavour enhancer instead of salt.

7 Than 3 mmol/L.