Peterson’s MCAT SUCCESS 2005 - …

1 Peterson's MCAT. SUCCESS . 2005 . Peterson's MCAT. SUCCESS . 2005 . Stefan Bosworth, n Marion A. Brisk, Ronald P. Drucker, n Denise Garland, Edgar M. Schnebel, n Rosie Soy, About Peterson's To succeed on your lifelong educational journey, you will need accurate, dependable, and practical tools and resources. That is why Peterson's is everywhere education happens. Because whenever and however you need education content delivered, you can rely on Peterson's to provide the information, know-how, and guidance to help you reach your goals. Tools to match the right students with the right school. It's here. Personalized resources and expert guidance. It's here. Comprehensive and dependable education content delivered whenever and however you need it. It's all here. Check out our Web site at to see if there is any new information regarding the test and any revisions or corrections to the content of this book.

2 We've made sure the information in this book is accurate and up-to-date; however, the test format or content may have changed since the time of publication. For more information, contact Peterson's, 2000 Lenox Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648;. 800-338-3282; or find us on the World Wide Web at 2005 Peterson's Previous editions 2003, 2004. Editor: Joe Krasowski; Production Editor: Megan Hellerman; Manufacturing Manager: Ray Golaszewski; Composition Manager: Gary Rozmierski; CD Producer: Carol Aickley; CD Quality Assurance: Jeff Pagano. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems without the prior written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text or product, complete the Permission Request Form at ISBN 13: 978-0-7689-1561-7.

3 ISBN 10: 0-7689-1561-9. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 07 06. Eighth Edition CONTENTS. Introduction .. 1. Unit One: Physical Sciences Chapter 1 Chemistry .. 14. Stoichiometry .. 14. Practice Problems .. 25. Answer Key and Explanations.. 27. Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table .. 28. Practice Problems .. 41. Answer Key and Explanations.. 43. Bonding .. 44. Practice Problems .. 54. Answer Key and Explanations.. 55. Phases and Phase Equilibrium .. 56. Practice Problems .. 64. Answer Key and Explanations.. 67. Solution Chemistry .. 68. Practice Problems .. 73. Answer Key and Explanations.. 75. Acids and Bases .. 76. Practice Problems .. 92. Answer Key and Explanations.. 95. Thermodynamics .. 98. Practice Problems .. 108. Answer Key and Explanations.. 110. Kinetics and Equilibrium .. 111. Practice Problems .. 120. Answer Key and Explanations.

4 123. Electrochemistry .. 125. Practice Problems .. 128. Answer Key and Explanations.. 130. CONTENTS. Chapter 2 Physics.. 131. Units .. 131. Practice Problems .. 135. Answer Key and Explanations .. 136. Vectors .. 137. Practice Problems .. 142. Answer Key and Explanations .. 143. Motion: Definition of Terms .. 144. Practice Problems .. 149. Answer Key and Explanations .. 151. Motion: Translational and in a Plane .. 153. Practice Problems .. 159. Answer Key and Explanations .. 162. Force and Newton's Laws .. 165. Practice Problems .. 171. Answer Key and Explanations .. 174. Equilibrium and Momentum .. 176. Practice Problems .. 179. Answer Key and Explanations .. 181. Work and Energy .. 184. Practice Problems .. 189. Answer Key and Explanations .. 192. Solids and Fluids .. 194. Practice Problems .. 210. Answer Key and Explanations .. 212. General Wave Characteristics and Periodic Motion.

5 214. Practice Problems .. 228. Answer Key and Explanations .. 229. Mechanical Waves: Acoustic Phenomena . 230. Practice Problems .. 240. Answer Key and Explanations .. 242. Waves: Light and Optics .. 244. Practice Problems .. 259. Answer Key and Explanations .. 261. Electrostatics .. 262. Practice Problems .. 267. Answer Key and Explanations .. 269. vi CONTENTS. Electric Circuits .. 271. Practice Problems .. 280. Answer Key and Explanations .. 283. Magnetism .. 285. Practice Problems .. 287. Answer Key and Explanations .. 288. Atomic and Nuclear Structure.. 289. Practice Problems .. 293. Answer Key and Explanations .. 295. Chapter 3 Physical Sciences Sample Test.. 297. Answer Key and Explanations.. 310. Unit Two: Verbal Reasoning Chapter 4 How to Answer Verbal Reasoning Questions .. 318. Tips for Improving Your Speed in Answering the Questions .. 319. What Makes a Good Reader.

6 319. Types of MCAT Verbal Reasoning Questions .. 320. Answer Key and Explanations.. 326. Chapter 5 Verbal Reasoning Sample Test .. 328. Answer Key and Explanations.. 344. Unit Three: Writing Sample Chapter 6 Writing Skills Review .. 350. Basic Skills .. 350. Practice Writing for the MCAT .. 352. A Quick Review of Grammar .. 354. Chapter 7 Sample Student Essays .. 362. Student Responses to Statement 1 .. 364. Student Responses to Statement 2 .. 366. Student Responses to Statement 3 .. 368. Student Responses to Statement 4 .. 371. Chapter 8 Writing Sample Test.. 374. Sample Statement 1 .. 374. Sample Statement 2 .. 374. References .. 374. vii CONTENTS. Unit Four: Biological Sciences Chapter 9 Biology .. 376. Molecular Biology .. 376. Practice Problems .. 393. Answer Key and Explanations.. 395. Cellular Biology .. 397. Practice Problems .. 404. Answer Key and Explanations.

7 406. Microbiology .. 408. Practice Problems .. 413. Answer Key and Explanations.. 414. Vertebrate Organ Systems .. 415. Practice Problems .. 419. Answer Key and Explanations.. 422. Practice Problems .. 435. Answer Key and Explanations.. 438. Practice Problems .. 447. Answer Key and Explanations.. 449. Practice Problems .. 456. Answer Key and Explanations.. 459. Practice Problems .. 466. Answer Key and Explanations.. 469. Genetics and Evolution .. 471. Practice Problems .. 476. Answer Key and Explanations.. 479. Chapter 10 Organic Chemistry .. 481. Molecular Structure of Organic Molecules .. 481. Hydrocarbons .. 489. Practice Problems .. 494. Answer Key and Explanations .. 495. Oxygen-Containing Compounds .. 496. Amines .. 511. Practice Problems .. 515. Answer Key and Explanations .. 517. Biological Molecules .. 519. viii CONTENTS. Use of Spectroscopy in Structural Identification.

8 529. Practice Problems .. 533. Answer Key and Explanations .. 535. Separations and Purifications .. 536. Chapter 11 Biological Sciences Sample Test.. 540. Answer Key and Explanations .. 556. Unit Five: Three Practice MCATs Periodic Table of Elements .. 566. Practice Test 1 .. 567. Physical Sciences .. 575. Verbal Reasoning .. 588. Writing Sample .. 603. Part 1 .. 604. Part 2 .. 605. Biological Sciences .. 606. Answer Key and Explanations.. 621. Practice Test 2 .. 643. Physical Sciences .. 651. Verbal Reasoning .. 665. Writing Sample .. 684. Part 1 .. 685. Part 2 .. 686. Biological Sciences .. 687. Answer Key and Explanations.. 702. Practice Test 3 .. 725. Physical Sciences .. 733. Verbal Reasoning .. 747. Writing Sample .. 765. Part 1 .. 766. Part 2 .. 767. Biological Sciences .. 768. Answer Key and Explanations.. 785. Appendices Appendix A Typical Interview Questions.

9 808. Appendix B What to Expect in Medical School and Beyond .. 810. Appendix C Accredited Medical Schools .. 819. ix INTRODUCTION. WHO TAKES THE MCAT AND WHEN IT IS GIVEN. Virtually all students who plan to enroll in medical school in the United States or Canada take the MCAT. In addition, many schools of veterinary medicine and podiatry either require or recommend taking the MCAT. The MCAT is used as a tool in evaluating whether to consider a student for admission. Medical schools also review grades, letters of reference, and medical school application essays before deciding which candidates should be called for interviews for medical school admission. SUCCESS on the MCAT greatly enhances your chances of being accepted to medical school. The MCAT is given twice a year, once in April and once in August. Applica- tion forms are available at the premed office in your school or you can contact the MCAT Program Office at Box 4056, Iowa City, IA 52243-4056; phone: 319-337-1357; e-mail: Registration materials are also available on line beginning in January for the two administrations scheduled during each calendar year.

10 For more informatio and to register, go to: students/ You maytake the MCAT as many times as you like. Nevertheless, scores from previous MCATs are furnished to the medical schools to which you apply and could affect your chances of being accepted. If you want to take the exam more than three times, you must request permission in writing from the American Association of Medical Colleges. The MCAT score you receive is good for five years, after which you are required to take the exam again. Some medical schools will not accept scores that are more than two or three years old. You need to check with the particular medical or podiatric schools in which you are inter- ested. Most students take the MCAT during the spring of their junior year or at the beginning of their senior year; however, you may take the MCAT at any time during your academic career. FORMAT AND SCORING OF THE MCAT.