Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals …

1 Guide for the care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching Federation of Animal Science Societies Third edition January 2010. Committees to revise the Guide for the care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching, 3rd edition Writing Committee John McGlone, PhD, Co-Chair Janice Swanson, PhD, Co-Chair Steven Ford, PhD Wendy Underwood, DVM. Frank Mitloehner, PhD Joy Mench, PhD. Temple Grandin, PhD Terry Mader, PhD. Pamela Ruegg, DVM Susan Eicher, PhD. Carolyn Stull, PhD Patricia Hester, PhD. Gregory Lewis, PhD Janeen Salak-Johnson, PhD. Michael Galyean, PhD, Liaison to the FASS Board Subcommittees Institutional Policies Dairy Cattle Stephen Ford, PhD, Chair Pamela Ruegg, DVM, and Susan Eicher, PhD, Co-Chairs James Swearengen, DVM Bill Bickert, PhD.

2 Don Lay, PhD Randy Shaver, PhD. W. Ronald Butler, PhD Nigel Cook, BS, MRCVS. Frank Bartol , PhD Paul Fricke, PhD. Sheila McGuirk, PhD, DVM. Agricultural Animal Health care Doug Reinemann, PhD. Wendy Underwood, DVM, Chair Michele Bailey, DVM Horses Steven Berry, DVM Carolyn Stull, PhD, Chair Gail Golab, PhD, DVM Anne Rodiek, PhD. Robert Coleman, PhD. Husbandry, Housing, and Biosecurity Sarah Ralston, VMD, PhD. Frank Mitloehner, PhD, Chair Donald Topli , PhD. James Swearengen, DVM Suzanne Millman, PhD. Curt Gooch, PE. Pius Mwangi Ndewga, PhD Poultry Larry Jacobson, PhD Patricia Hester, PhD, Chair Ken Anderson, PhD. Environmental Enrichment Inma Estevez, PhD. Joy Mench, PhD, Chair Ken Koelkebeck, PhD. Ruth Newberry, PhD Sally Noll, PhD. Suzanne Millman, PhD Robert Porter, PhD, DVM.

3 Cassandra Tucker, PhD Carl Mike Turk, BS. Larry Katz, PhD Bruce Webster, PhD. Animal Handling and Transport Sheep and Goats Temple Grandin, PhD, Chair Gregory Lewis, PhD, Chair Joseph Stookey, PhD William Gavin, DVM. Mhairi Sutherland, PhD Arthur L. Goetsch, PhD. A. Bruce Webster, PhD J. Bret Taylor, PhD. Carolyn Stull, PhD Michael Thonney, PhD. Je rey Hill, PhD. Swine Beef Cattle Janeen Salak-Johnson, PhD, Chair Terry Mader, PhD, Chair Joe Cassady, PhD. Allen Trenkle, PhD Matthew B. Wheeler, PhD. James W. Oltjen, PhD Anna Johnson, PhD. Tami Brown-Brandl, PhD. John Arthington, PhD. Larry Hollis, DVM. Scott Willard, PhD. Available at or from the Federation of Animal Science Societies 2441 Village Green Place Champaign, IL 61822. Telephone: 217-356-3182.

4 Fax: 217-398-4119. E-mail: Third edition January 2010. ISBN: 978-1-884706-11-0. Federation of Animal Science Societies, 2010. All rights reserved. Guide Revision Committees for the First Revised Edition (1999). Stanley Curtis, FASFAS liaison to the steering and development committee Guide Revision Committee Joy A. Mench, Chair Margaret E. Benson James V. Craig Katherine A. Houpt John J. McGlone Jack L. Albright Leslie L. Christianson Adele P. Douglass William G. Kvasnicka Neal R. Merchen Subcommittees Horses Sheep and Goats Katherine A. Houpt, Chair Margaret E. Benson, Chair Beef Harold F. Hintz Frank C. Hinds Neal R. Merchen, Chair Sandi Lieb Carl S. Menzies G. LeRoy Hahn James A. DeShazer Cindy B. Wolf William G. Kvasnicka K. Douglas Butler Dexter W.

5 Johnson Michael L. Galyean Stephen G. Jackson Larry S. Katz David P. Hutcheson Thomas Tobin Cristine S. F. Williams Janice C. Swanson Poultry Swine Dairy Cattle and Veal James V. Craig, Chair John J. McGlone, Chair Jack L. Albright, Chair Gerald B. Haventsein J. Joe Ford Ruth Blauwiekel Karl E. Nestor Paul L. Sundberg Kenneth E. Olson Paul B. Siegel Leslie L. Christianson William G. Bickert William F. Dean E. T. Kornegay James L. Morrill Jr. Kenneth K. Kruger Lisa Tokach Carolyn L. Stull Graham H. Purchase Garrett L. van Wicklen Guide Revision Committees for the First Edition (1988). Steering Committee Joy A. Mench, Chair Alden Booren Glenn Gray Kirklyn Kerr David L. Zartman Jack L. Albright Leslie L. Christianson Virgil Hayes Alvin Melliere Guide Development Committee Stanley E.

6 Curtis, Chair Jack L. Albright Harold W. Gonyou John J. McGlone James V. Craig Katherine A. Houpt W. Ray Stricklin Table of Contents Preface vi Chapter 1: Institutional Policies 1. Monitoring the care and Use of Agricultural Animals 1. Protocol Review 2. Written Operating Procedures 3. Animal Health care 3. Biosecurity 3. Personnel Qualifications 3. Occupational Health 4. Special Considerations 5. Chapter 2: Agricultural Animal Health care 8. Animal Procurement 8. Veterinary care 9. Surgery 10. Zoonoses 12. Residue Avoidance 12. Restraint 14. Transgenic and Genetically Engineered and Cloned Animals 14. Euthanasia 14. Chapter 3: Husbandry, Housing, and Biosecurity 16. Facilities and Environment 16. Feed and Water 21. Husbandry 22. Standard Agricultural Practices 24.

7 Handling and Transport 24. Special Considerations 24. Biosecurity 25. Biocontainment 26. Chapter 4: Environmental Enrichment 30. Cattle 31. Horses 31. Poultry 33. Physical Enrichment 33. Sheep and Goats 35. Swine 35. General Considerations 38. Chapter 5: Animal Handling and Transport 45. Biomedical Versis Agricultural Research Requirements 45. Flight Zone and Behavior Principles 46. Aids for Moving Animals 47. General Principles of Restraint and Handling Principles to Prevent Behavioral Agitation During Restraint for All Species 50. Recommendations for Each Species 50. Transport 54. i Chapter 6: Beef Cattle 61. Facilities and Environment 61. Feed and Water 64. Husbandry 66. Standard Agricultural Practices 67. Environmental Enrichment 69. Handling and Transport 69.

8 Special Considerations 69. Euthanasia 71. Chapter 7: Dairy Cattle 74. Facilities and Environment 74. Feed and Water 78. Husbandry 79. Standard Agricultural Practices 80. Environmental Enrichment 83. Handling and Transport 83. Special Considerations 83. Euthanasia 85. Chapter 8: Horses 89. Facilities and Environment 89. Feed and Water 92. Husbandry 95. Standard Agricultural Practices 99. Environmental Enrichment 99. Handling and Transport 99. Euthanasia 99. Chapter 9: Poultry 102. Facilities and Environment 102. Feed and Water 105. Husbandry 108. Standard Agricultural Practices 116. Environmental Enrichment 119. Handling and Transport 119. Special Considerations 119. Euthanasia 120. Chapter 10: Sheep and Goats 128. Facilities and Environment 128. Feed and Water 130.

9 Husbandry 132. Standard Agricultural Practices 134. Environmental Enrichment 135. Handling and Transport 136. Special Considerations 136. Euthanasia 138. Chapter 11: Swine 142. Facilities and Environment 142. Feed and Water 143. Husbandry 143. Standard Agricultural Practices 150. Environmental Enrichment 150. Handling and Transport 150. Special Considerations 150. Euthanasia 152. ii Appendix 1 156. Appendix 2 157. Index 159. iii Preface This is the third edition of the Guide for the care and Use of be more complete and the veal chapter was eliminated in favor of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching, commonly re- incorporating calf care into the beef and dairy cattle chapters. ferred to as the Ag Guide . The first edition was published in This Guide has been deliberately written in general terms so 1988 and the first revised edition was published in 1999.

10 That the recommendations can be applied in the diverse institu- This third edition differs from the past editions in several tions that use Agricultural Animals in Agricultural research and meaningful ways. For the first time, the Ag Guide is available teaching in the United States. In the context of this Guide , the online at no cost to readers. This is possible thanks to countless verb must is used for considerations or practices that are viewed hours of voluntary time by 62 authors. as imperatives. The verb should indicates a strong recommen- Authors included experts in each species and in animal care dation but one for which alternative strategies might be justi- and use including animal scientists, veterinarians, teachers, and fied after careful consideration.