07 Mould materials - ÓBUDAI EGYETEM Bánki Donát ...

1 Dr. Mik Bal zs Mould materials BAGIM1 ENNB. Steel Design and manufacturing of Aluminium plastic injection Mould Copper / Brass 07 mould materials Al 1 2. Cu Heat treatments of steel Iron Iron carbide diagram Stress relieving A. B. C. Annealing Normalizing Hardening A) Heating Tempering B) Soaking Hardening and tempering C) Cooling Carburizing and hardening 3 4. Stress relieving Annealing Aim: ensure the easy-to-cut state by homogenous and Aim: decease the stress after rough cutting small grain size A. Higher temperature means higher decreasing A) Diffusion annealing B. B) Full annealing C)Isothermal annealing C. The temperature is under A1 D)Stress relieving D. The heating and cooling are very slow E) Recrystalisation annealing E. 5 6. 1. Normalizing Hardening Aim: homogenous fine grain structure for better Aim: increase the hardness of the steel by austenite mechanical properties martensit transformation Precondition: C% > Heating up to A3, cooling in state air Tool steels can be self hardened Heating up to A3, put the part to the warm furnace, sometimes the heating is periodical.

2 Soaking takes 4-6 minutes in case of unalloyed, and 6-10 minutes in case of alloyed steels Full annealing Norm. 7 8. Hardening Tempering The higher temperature and longer soaking cause Aim: decrease the rigidity and stress of the hardened grain coarsing. steel Heating: slowly to A1. Cooling material : water, oil, liquid metal, air, steel Soaking: 1 hour plates Cooling: slowly High tempering Low tempering Hardening + Tempering 9 10. Heat treatment of Mould steels Carburizing Normalizing is not possible, cause of self hardening skill (we can not cool enough slow speed) Aim: Hard surface layer Annealing with furnace Precondition: C% < Heating in many steps Increase the C% in the surface, hardening, Multiple tempering (2-3x) tempering 11 12. 2. MSz 4354-82 MSz 4352-84. Unalloyed tool steels Alloyed tool steel foe could work Grade C% HRChardened Application Grade C% Alloy HRChardened Application S45 52 Hand tools K4 62 Drill, File, Press tool S60 57 Hand tools, tool holders K6 64 Blade, File S71, S72 62 Shears, Finishing blanking tool, Blanking press K8 Cr12, , V1 61.

3 Tool, File K9 Cr12, , , 62. S81, S82 62 Tap, Thread cutting die, Blanking press tool, M1 Mn2 61 Die press tool, Drawing press tool W5 Cr1, W2 54 Die press tool S91, S92 62 Bending press tool, Medical tools, W6 Cr1, W2 57 Wear resistant steel Measurement instruments W9 Cr1, 62 Milling cutter, Drills, Saw S101, S102 63 Milling cutters, Reamer, Press tools (piercing, drawing, ironing). S111, S112 63 Die, Guiding pin S121, S122 63 Hand tools S131, S132 64 Engraving tools 13 14. MSz 4352-84 Steel grade Alloyed tool steel for hot work MSz, DIN, Werksoff-Number (W-Num). Grade C% Alloy HVtemp Application material number (Werkstoff number): NK , , 420 Large die punch material main group NK2 , , 460 1 Steels K13 Cr4, , V1 550 Injection moulds 2 heavy metals K14 Cr3, Mo3, 530 Medium size die, injection Mould Copper Zinc, Cadmium W3 , , W4 500 Small size die, injection Mould Lead Tin Nickel, Cobalt nemesf mek High melt point metals 3 light metals Aluminium Magnesium 15 Titanium 16.

4 DIN: C45W MSz: C45W DIN: X42Cr13 MSz: - Alloys (%): C Si Mn Alloys (%): C Cr Properties: Hard surface, tough core Properties: Stainless steel, good to polishing, 780 N/mm2. Application: Mould base (house) Application: Mould base (PVC), Inserts General state: 650 N/mm2 (ultimate strength) State: hardening + tempering Price (Kind&Co. ): /kg Price (Kind&Co. ): /kg Heat treatment: Heat treatment: Anneal: 680 710 C Hardness: 190 HB Annealing: 760 800 C in furnace, Hardness: 230 HB. Hardening: 800 830 C in water Hardness: 57 HRc Hardening: 1000 1050 C in oil Hardness: 56 HRc Tempering: 100 C 57 HRc Tempering: 100 C 56 HRc 200 C 54 HRc 200 C 55 HRc 300 C 49 HRc 300 C 52 HRc 350 C 42 HRc 400 C 51 HRc 17 500 C 52 HRc 18. 600 C 40 HRc 3. DIN: X33 CrS16 MSz: - DIN: 40 CrMnMoS 86 MSz: - Alloys (%): C Cr Mn S Alloys (%): C Si Mn Cr Mo S Properties: Good to cutting and polishing, Bad to photo etching, 1080. Properties: Stainless steel, good to cutting, 1080 N/mm2 N/mm2. Application: Inserts Application: Mould base (PVC), Inserts State: Hardening and tempering 280-325 HB.

5 State: hardening and tempering Price (Kind&Co. ): /kg Price (Kind&Co. ): /kg Heat treatment: Heat treatment: Annealing: 710 740 C in furnace, Hardness: 235 HB. Annealing: 850 - 880 C in furnace, Hardness: 230 HB Hardening: 840 870 C in oil Hardness: 51 HRc (1730 N/mm2). Hardening: 1000 1050 C in oil Hardness: 48 HRc Tempering: 100 C 51 HRc 1730 N/mm2. Tempering: 100 C 48 HRc 200 C 50 HRc 1670 N/mm2. 200 C 48 HRc 300 C 48 HRc 1570 N/mm2. 300 C 47 HRc 400 C 46 HRc 1480 N/mm2. 400 C 46 HRc 500 C 42 HRc 1330 N/mm2. 500 C 47 HRc 19 600 C 36 HRc 1140 N/mm2 20. 600 C 30 HRc 700 C 28 HRc 920 N/mm2. DIN: 40 CrMnMo7 MSz: - DIN: X36 CrMo 17 MSz: - Alloys (%): C Si Mn Cr Mo Alloys (%): C Cr Mo Properties: Good to cutting, polishing and photo etching, 1080 N/mm2. Application: Inserts Properties: Stainless (better than ), good to polishing State: hardening and tempering 280-325 HB Application: Stainless inserts Price (Kind&Co. ): /kg State: hardening and tempering (300 HB). Price (Kind&Co.)

6 : /kg Heat treatment: Annealing: 710 740 C in furnace, Hardness: 235 HB Heat treatment: Hardening: 840 870 C in oil Hardness: 51 HRc (1730 N/mm2) Annealing: 760 800 C in furnace, Hardness: 230 HB. Tempering: 100 C 51 HRc 1730 N/mm2 Hardening: 1020 1050 C in oil Hardness: 49 HRc 200 C 50 HRc 1670 N/mm2 Tempering: 100 C 49 HRc 300 C 48 HRc 1570 N/mm2 200 C 47 HRc 400 C 46 HRc 1480 N/mm2 300 C 46 HRc 500 C 42 HRc 1330 N/mm2 400 C 46 HRc 600 C 36 HRc 1140 N/mm2 500 C 47 HRc 700 C 28 HRc 920 N/mm2 21 600 C 32 HRc 22. DIN: X38 CrMoV51 MSz: K12 DIN: 40 CrMnNiMo8 MSz: - Alloys (%): C Cr V Si Mo Alloys (%): C Mn Cr Ni Mo Properties: good to cutting, polishing and photo etching Properties: High temperature steel, tough, good thermal conductivity, good to photo etching, 780 N/mm2 Application: Insert for deep cavity and high pressure (vs. ). Application: Inserts for high temperature plastic processing State: hardening and tempering (280 HB). State: Hardening and tempering (230 HB) Price (Kind&Co.)

7 : /kg Price (Kind&Co. ): 1,35 /kg Heat treatment: Heat treatment: Annealing: 710 740 C in furnace, Hardness: 235 HB. Annealing: 750 800 C in furnace, Hardness: 230 HB Hardening: 850 880 C in oil Hardness: 52 HRc (1790 N/mm2). Hardening: 1000 1030 C in oil Hardness: 54 HRc (19 10 N/mm2) Tempering: 100 C 52 HRc 1730 N/mm 2. Tempering: 100 C 52 HRc 200 C 51 HRc 1630 N/mm 2. 200 C 52 HRc 300 C 49 HRc 1480 N/mm 2. 300 C 52 HRc 400 C 46 HRc 1330 N/mm 2. 400 C 52 HRc 500 C 42 HRc 1110 N/mm 2. 500 C 54 HRc 600 C 35 HRc 860 N/mm 2. 600 C 48 HRc 23 700 C 25 HRc 24. 650 C 38 HRc 4. DIN: X45 NiCrMo4 MSz: - DIN: X210Cr12 MSz: K1. Alloys (%): C Ni Cr Mo Alloys (%): C Cr Properties: Good to hardening, tough, Good to polishing, photo etching end EDM, 830 N/mm2 Properties: Stainless, wear resistant, Good to polishing, 840 N/mm2. Application: Inserts Application: Inserts State: Hardening and tempering(260 HB) State: Hardening and tempering Price (Kind&Co. ): /kg Price (Kind&Co.)

8 : /kg Heat treatment: Annealing: 610 650 C in furnace, Hardness: 260 HB Heat treatment: Hardening: 840 870 C in air, in oil Hardness: 56 HRc Annealing: 600 650 C in furnace, Hardness: 250 HB. Tempering: 100 C 56 HRc Hardening: 800 840 C in oil Hardness: 64 HRc 200 C 54 HRc Tempering: 100 C 63 HRc 300 C 50 HRc 200 C 62 HRc 400 C 46 HRc 300 C 59 HRc 500 C 42 HRc 400 C 57 HRc 600 C 38 HRc 25 500 C 54 HRc 26. 600 C 46 HRc DIN: X155 CrVMo 121 MSz: K8 DIN: X100 CrMoV51 MSz: - Alloys (%): C Cr Mo V Alloys (%): C Cr Mo V Properties: Wear resistant, tough, Good to nitriding, 830 N/mm2 Properties: Wear resistant, Good to hardening and polishing, Small size Application: Inserts for GF plastics changing during hardening State: Hardening and tempering (250 HB). Price (Kind&Co. ): /kg Application: Inserts (vs. ). Heat treatment: State: Hardening and tempering Annealing: 830 860 C in furnace, Hardness: 250 HB Price (Kind&Co. ): /kg Hardening: 1000 1050 C in air, in oil Hardness: 6 3 HRc Heat treatment: Tempering: 100 C 63 HRc Annealing: 800 840 C in furnace, Hardness: 230 HB.

9 200 C 61 HRc Hardening: 930 970 C in air, in oil Hardness: 63 HRc 300 C 58 HRc Tempering: 100 C 63 HRc 400 C 58 HRc 200 C 62 HRc 500 C 58 HRc 300 C 60 HRc 525 C 60 HRc 400 C 57 HRc 550 C 56 HRc 500 C 59 HRc 600 C 50 HRc 27 600 C 52 HRc 28. Steel suppliers DIN: 210 CrW12 MSz: - Alloys (%): C Cr W Properties: The highest hardness and wear resistant Application: Inserts, Thin blade State: Hardening and tempering Price (Kind&Co. ): /kg Heat treatment: Annealing: 800 840 C in furnace, Hardness: 250 HB. Hardening: 950 980 C in air, in oil Hardness: 64 HRc Tempering: 100 C 63 HRc 200 C 62 HRc 300 C 60 HRc 400 C 58 HRc 500 C 56 HRc 600 C 48 HRc 29 30. 5. B hler Mould steels B hler Mould steels Mould steels M200 ( ) K100 ( ). Polishing Stainless Wear res. Cutting ab. Size ch. M201 ( ) K305 ( ). M238 ( ) K600 ( ). M261 EXTRA K945 ( ) M200 ( ). M201 ( ). M300 ( ) W300 ( ). M238 ( ). M310 ( ) M261 EXTRA. M300 ( ). M314 ( ). M310 ( ). M340 ISOPLAST M314 ( ). M340 ISOPLAST. M390 MICROCLEAN.

10 M390 MICROCLEAN. M461 EXTRA. 31 32. Uddeholm Mould steels Uddeholm Mould steels Corrax Dievar Elmax Alvar 14 ( ). Grane ( ) Hotvar Holdax ( ) Orvar2 ( ). Impax HI ( ) Arne ( ). Ramax S ( ) Calmax ( ). Stavax ( ) Carmo ( ). UBH 11 ( ) Rigor ( ). Vidar ( ) Sleipner QRO 90 Sverker 3 ( ). 33 34. Kind&Co - Mould steels Coating PVD, CVD. Better Mould filling Better ejection Shorter cycling time Wear resistant surface Longer Mould life Less maintenance 35 36. 6. Coating Coating 37 38. Aluminium alloys Al alloys Faster cutting AlMg3 - EN AW 5754 177 N/mm2. AlMg4,5Mn EN AW 5083 265 N/mm2. Less weight AlMgSi EN AW 6060 216 N/mm2 (hard.+temp.). material cost +15-25 % AlSi1 MgMn EN AW 6082 275 N/mm2 (hard.+temp.). AlZn5Mg2Cu EN AW 7022 314 N/mm2 (Certal). Less wear resistant Better thermal conductivity 39 40. Copper alloys / Brass Uddeholm - brass Good thermal conductivity Moldmax HH (Cu-97,85%, Be-1,9%, Inserts for better cooling Co+Ni-0,25%) 1170 N/mm2, 40 HRc Moldmax XL (Cu-85%, Ni-9%, Sn-6%).