0IIII AD-A261 755 I I Ii1111.

1 / AD-A261 7550 IIII I & quot ;& quot ; I ii1111 ..INCH-POUNDMIL-HDBK-844(AS)20 October 1992 MILITARY STANDARDIZATION HANDBOOKAIRCRAFT REFUELING& quot ;HANDBOOKCOM MIN93-04682 E -:SMARO ETASMC NA FSC-9130Q DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I I .. (AS)((This page intentionally left blank). 0 MIL-HDBK-844(AS)Q AIRCRAFT REFUELING HANDBOOKTABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .. 1-11. 1 PU R PO SE .. SC O PE .. C O PIES .. C H A N G ES .. 1-1 CHAPTER 2 ORGANIZATION AND TRAINING .. ORGANIZATION .. G eneral .. Responsibilities and Duties .. Fue! Management Officer (FMO) .. Assistant Fuel Management Officer (AFMO) .. Fuel D elivery .. Storage and Transfer.. Quality Surveillance (QS) .. Inventory .. T raining .. T RA IN IN G .. 2-2 CHAPTER 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF AVIATION FUELS .. INT RO D U CT IO N .. TURBINE ENGINE FUELS .. JP-5 (NATO Code F-44) .. JP-4 (NATO Code F-40).)

2 JP-8 (NATO Code F-34) .. Turbine Fuel Additives .. Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII) .. Icing Protection .. B iostat .. FSII M aterials .. Lubricity Additive .. Antioxidant Additives .. Static Dissipator Additive (SDA) (JP-4/JP-8) .. AVIATION GASOLINE .. 3-4 CHAPTER 4 CONTAMINATION OF AIRCRAFT FUELS .. G EN ERA L .. TYPES AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION .. PARTICULATE MATTER .. W AT ER .. CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION .. M ICROORGANISMS .. COMMON SOURCES OF CONTAM-INATION .. PROCEDURES FOR PREVENTING CONTAMINATION .. DETERIORATION OF AIRCRAFT FUELS .. SAMPLING OF AVIATION FUELS .. 4-50 -- ,_MIL-HDBK-844(AS)CHAPTER 5 FLEET QUALITY SURVEILLANCE TESTS .. 5-15 .1 .. PARTICULATE CONTAMINATION .. CFD Test Technique .. CFD Operating Procedure .. Alternate M ethods .. 5-2/J& quot ; WATER CONTAMINATION .. FW D Test Technique .. FW D Operating Procedure .. Alternate M ethod .. FUEL SYSTEM ICING INHIBITOR (FSII) CONTENT.

3 B/2 Test Technique .. B/2 Operating Procedures .. CONDUCTIVITY .. 5-4 CHAPTER 6 SAFETY IN FUEL HANDLING OPERATIONS .. INTRODUCTION .. ABNORMAL FUEL OPFRATIONS .. FIRE AND EXPLOSION .. FLAMMABLE FUEL-AIR MIXTURES .. LOW VAPOR PRESSURE PRODUCTS .. INTERMEDIATE VAPOR PRESSURE PRODUCTS .. HIGH VAPOR PRESSURE PRODUCTS .. FLAME SPREAD RATES .. SOURCES OF IGNITION .. STATIC ELECTRICITY .. INTERNAL .. 1. Charge Generation .. Charge Accumulation .. STATIC DISCHARGE OR IGNITION .. CONTROl.. EXTERNAL STATIC .. Charge Generation .. Charge Accumukation and Dissipation .. Control Measures for External Static .. OPERATING ENGINES .. ARCING OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS .. OPEN FLAM ES .. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY .. HOT SURFACES OR ENVIRON-MENT .. EXTINGUISHM ENT .. Fire Chem istry .. 6 Classitication of .. Class A Fires .. Class B Fires .. Class C Fires .. Class D Fires.

4 Fire Extinguisher Types, Agents, and Methods of Application .. H alon 1211 .. D .. Application .. 6-9iiMIL-HDBK-844(AS)0 Carbon Dioxide (CO)) .. Definition.. ,2 Application .. Purple-K-Powder (PKP) .. Application .. HEALTH TOXIC VAPOR EFFECT .. LEAD POISONING .. INJURY TO SKIN AND EYES .. SWALLOWING AVIATION FUELS .. FUEL TANK AND FILTERISEPAR-ATOR WATER BOTTOMS .. SPECIFIC PROCEDURES FOR AVOIDING THE HEALTH HAZARDS OFAIRCRAFT FUELS .. 6-13 APPENDIX A VISUAL CONTAMINATION TABLE .. A-IAPPENDIX B PETROLEUM TESTING LABORATORIES .. B-IAPPENDIX C AIRCRAFT INFORMATION SUMMARIES .. C-IA -6 ..C -2A V -8B..C -7E -2/C -2 ..C -12F -14 ..C -16F-18 ..C -20S -3 ..C -25P -3 ..C -29H -I ..C -33H -2 ..C -37H -3 ..C -4 1H -46 ..C -45H -53 ..C -49SH -60 ..C -54 APPENDIX D GLOSSARY .. D-1 Aesession ForITIS GRA&IDTIC TAB QUna oxnced 0 Just fflc/tl/oByAv& il and/or& quot ;MIL-HDBK-844(AS)(This page intentionally left blank).

5 IvMIL-HDBK-844(AS)0 CHAPTER PURPOSE. This handbook provides basic Standardization Documents Order Deskinformation on the properties and characteristics of Bldg 4 Daviation fuels along with general information on the 700 Robbins Avenuestandards, equipment, and operating principals related Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094to the handling of these fuels at Navy and MarineCorps activities, it is designed to supplement the CHANGES. The information containedNATOPS AIRCRAFT REFUELING MANUAL, herein has been derived from a number of diverseNATOPS 00-80T-109, by providing background sources including: the fueling experience of theinformation and guidance on the requirements and Navy, Marine Corps, and commercial companies; theprocedures contained in the NATOPS Manual. recommended practices of the American PetroleumInstitute and the American Society for Testing SCOPE. The contents of this handbook are Materials; and the published findings of researchlimited to technical and operational information of a nature.

6 Specific operating procedures andequipment requirements are contained in the Operating activities are encouraged to submitNATOPS AIRCRAFT REFUELING MANUAL, corrections, recommended changes, or innovationsNATOPS 00-80T-109. Accounting and stock control for this handbook by letter to:procedures are not included in this handbook or theNATOPS Manual. CommanderNaval Air Systems COPIES. Copies of this Military AIR-5363 CHandbook are from: Washington, 20361-5360 MIL-HDBK-844(AS)0(This page intentionally left blank).1-2 MIL-HDBK-844(AS)CHAPTER 2 ORGANIZATION AND ORGANIZATION instruction in accordance with the NATOPS AircraftRefueling Manual and other applicable General. The allowances for a Fuel e. Prepares an oil spill prevention and counter-Division should include personnel in adequate measure and with sufficient grade structure, f. Prepares environmental impact statement fortraining, and seniority to ensure responsible operation the Coast Guard on any procedural change andof facilities and equipment in response to any modification to plant demand.

7 G. Plans and initiates military construction,repair, and improvement fuel organization should be flexible enough to h. Performs liaison with fuel service customers,efficiently handle increased workload on short notice. activity departments, other governmental agencies,This can best be accomplished by cross training and community official and commercial manning. Leave schedules and school i. Represents fuel interests on boards andattendance can be adjusted to accommodate workload Scheduled leave can be deferred if unexpectedpeaks are encountered. Lengthening working shifts Management Officerand non-standard duty section, including stand-by (AFMO). The AFMO assists the FMO in theduty section assignments, should be last resort supervision of the integrated fuel operations andmeasures. performs the following special duties:D Chapter 8 of the NATOPS Aircraft Refueling a. Directs the quality assurance program for fuelManual, NAVAIR 00-80T-109, outlines a standard organizational structure for b.

8 Manages the petroleum and Marine Corps fuel operations division. c. Directs entire fuel training organizational structures are established by d. Supervises regulations and/or standard operating e. Maintains inventory Fuel Delivery. The employee placed Responsihilities and Duties. The NATOPS charge of the fuel delivery section or branch isAircraft Refueling Manual, NAVAIR 00-80T-109, normally delegated the following specific duties:delineates fuels responsibilities at shore Shipboard operations, consult Shipboard a. Delivery of aviation POL products alongsideOperation Regulation Manual Operation of hydrants to fuel aircraft withThe Ibllowing paragraphs list the normal duties engines idling (hot refueling).assigned to various personnel within a typical shore c. Operation of aircraft fuels organization. d. Dispatching of personnel and/or equipmentand maintenance of dispatch Fuel Managernent Officer (FMO).

9 E. Delivery of ground products on automatic fillDirects and supervises the completely integrated fuel basis or as An FMO typically: f. Pickup of waste Operational maintenance of facilities anda. Estimates quantities of fuel products to be and fuel servi4e Develops proposed fuel budget. Storage and Transfer. The branch orc. Pertbrms contract administration services. section head in charge of fuel storage and deliveryd. Prepares and revises the activity fuel usually is assigned the following duties:2-1 MIL-HDBK-844(AS)a. Receipt of POL products by pipeline tanker, TRAINING. It is essential to the safety ofbarge, tank car or tank truck. fuel handling operations that the personnel involvedh. Storage of products. be properly trained. Historical records disclose thatc. Operation of the distribution systems and the instinctive reactions of experienced fuel operatorstransferring of products. during emergency situations have mioimizedd.

10 Operation of vehicle service stations, personnel injuries, fuel losses, and the destruction ofe. Grass cutting in hazardous areas, government prcperty including aircraft. Conversely,f. Receipt and storage of packaged POL the records show that the reactions of relativelyproducts. untrained personnel, under similar situations, cannotg. Operational maintenance of facilities and be relied upon. The importance of proper trainingequipment. can not be Quality Surveillance (QS). The QSbranch normally performs the following:a. Sampling POL products at point of receipt, instorage, when trastsferred in aircraft refuelers andaircraft Surveillance of fuel handling Surveillance of POL filtration, water removaland monitoring equipment including the maintenanceof pressure differential Operation of the POL Inspection and surveillance or tacilities andequipments including contract-owned Inventory. The Inventory branch usuallyperforms the following functions:a.