石炭基礎講座 「石炭の液化」 1．はじめに 2．石炭 …

1 1 ( ) / ( ) / / 3249 / 1960 / 2008 7 134 / / 34 / / 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010( ) 1 2 / 13 19 / /bblEOR25-61 35-58 59-69 /bblOPEC Middle East6-18 Other OPEC12-25 12-312 GTL74-94 CTL82-122 FSU 16-35 18-29.

2 2009 5 20 12 3 OOOO B OOOO CH2CH3 OHCH2CH3OH A OHOHCH2 HOHO3CH2 HOHO3 13C-NMR CH2 OCH3 OCHOHC=OH2 COCH2 OCH2 OCH3 OCHOHC=OH2 COCH2O C91%352 MJ/k CHOHCHHOOCOCH2 CCH2 OHO=CHOHCHHOOCOCH2 CCH2 OHO= 4 : C:91% MJ/kg : C:83-91% MJ/kg : C:78-83% MJ/kg : C.

3 70-78% MJ/kg (Coal to Liquids-CTL) (H2+CO) H2+COFT (2) H2+ CO H2 5 HHH HHHHH InitiationCHHOCOHHHH HHCHHCHHOOCOHHHHHH HHHHI nitiationCOCOH2O+CH2*CH2**CO + 2H2 CH2 + H2 OCO + 2H2 CH2 + H2 OHCHHCHH HCHHCHHCHHCHHCH HCHHCHH HCHHCHHCHHCHHCHHCHHCHHCHHCHHCH **Chain growth & terminationCH2CH4+H2 ) CH HHHHHCH HHHHHHHHHH& terminationCH2*CH4+CH2 100C1C23-C100100C1C23-C100C2H4C2H6+H2C2H 4+CH*y (C-mass%)80601C-CC5-C11C12-C22y (C-mass%)80601C-CC5-C11C12-C22CH+CH2C3H8 +H2C3H6*Selectivity02040C2C4 Selectivity02040C2C4C3H6C3H8C3H6+CH2** 6 Chain growth probability ( ) growth probability ( )

4 Growth * Sasol CTL Sasol CTL Sasol1 1950 6,000 /d Sasol 2/Sasol 3 1980 1983 160,000 /d Sasol 4 Project Mafutha, 8 BPD Project Mthombo(Petro SA, 40 BPD at Coega)Sasol 1. Limpopo, 2. Southpansberg, 3Wt b4S i bkFlt1 Sasol 1. Limpopo, 2. Southpansberg, 3Wt b4S i bkFlt1 Sasol (Project Mafutha) Steenbokpan3. Waterberg, 4. Springbok Flats, 5. Witbank, 6. Vryheld-Utrecht, 7. Klipriver, 8. Vereeniging, 9. Orange Free State, 10 Natal 11 IdiMolte o234 Sasol (Project Mafutha) Steenbokpan3.

5 Waterberg, 4. Springbok Flats, 5. Witbank, 6. Vryheld-Utrecht, 7. Klipriver, 8. Vereeniging, 9. Orange Free State, 10 Natal 11 IdiMolte o234 Sasol 2, 3 Secunda10. Natal, 11. IndwiMolteno56789 Sasol 2, 3 Secunda10. Natal, 11. IndwiMolteno56789 Sasol 1 Sasolburg7910 Sasol 1 Sasolburg7910 11 Mthombo 11 Mthombo 7 Mthombo Coega Mthombo CoegaSasol CTL Pipeline gasEthylenePipeline gasEthyleneSasol process(HTFT) in South AfricaPolypropylenePolyethylenePropylene Ethane crackerPolypropylenePolyethylene plantMethaneCoalPolypropylenePolyethylen ePropyleneEthane crackerPolypropylenePolyethylene plantMethaneCoalNETL.

6 Gasifipedia, Sasol history1927 Parliament investigationGas purificationGas reformingReactorSeparatorAlcohol, acetic acid, ketones, acetoneChemical work-upPolypropylene plantSteamOxygenCrude gasCo-product processingGasificationGas purificationGas reformingReactorSeparatorAlcohol, acetic acid, ketones, acetoneChemical work-upPolypropylene plantSteamOxygenCrude gasCo-product processingGasification1927 Parliament investigation1947 SA Liquid Fuel & Oil Act1950 Government established Sasol1951 Construction of Sasol 1 started1956 Sasol'sfirstoilAmmoniaAmmonia recoveryTars & pitchTars & pitch purificationGreen & Calcined cokeCarbon productionReactorRefinery -olefins plant1-Pentene, 1-Hexene, 1-OctenePetrol/Diesel LPG, propane, butane Jet fuel, Fuel oil Illuminating paraffinXylenols, phenols.

7 CresolsPhenolicsSulfurSulfur recoveryprocessingGasificationAmmoniaAmm onia recoveryTars & pitchTars & pitch purificationGreen & Calcined cokeCarbon productionReactorRefinery -olefins plant1-Pentene, 1-Hexene, 1-OctenePetrol/Diesel LPG, propane, butane Jet fuel, Fuel oil Illuminating paraffinXylenols, phenols, cresolsPhenolicsSulfurSulfur recoveryprocessingGasification1956 Sasols first oil1980 Completion of Sasol 21983 Completion of Sasol 32006 Completion of Qatar GTL2009 Commissioning of Nigeria GTLC arbon productionCarbon productiongg2013 Commissioning of China CTLI mproving GTL/CTL technologythe Advanced Synthol reactorhigh temperature processes(HTFT)the Sasol Synthol reactorthe Arge tubular reactor 1950 -1985 the Sasol slurry phase reactor 1993 to present1989 to present 11,000-20,000 bbl/dgas phase reactions & products gasoline & light olefinslow temperature processes(LTFT)

8 Liquid phase reactor products1950 -1987 2,000-6,500 bbl/d 500-700 bbl/d 2,500-17,000 bbl/d mostly dieselCo-LTFT Fe-LTFT Fe-HTFT (olefins) (alkanes) , Coal to Liquids at Sasol, Kentuckey Energy Security Summit, CAER s30thAnniversary, (alkanes) (oxygenates) (aromatics) SRCEDSSRC SRC IIH/C EDS H-CoalEDS (H/C) H/C (H/C) , NEDO News, , 32 (1988) H HOCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 9H/C : : (kJ/m l) (kJ/m l) (kJ/mol) (kJ/mol) (C6H5-CH2-) 537(1963)

9 KJ/mol CH2CH2 OCH2 OHOHOOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2O OH3 CCH2CH2CH222CH2CH2O2 OHOHCH2CH2 HOCH2CH2O06% 06% NOHNOHCH2CH2CH2OH3 CCH2CH2CH2 SSOCH2 OCH2OC=OOH 10CH2 OCH2 OOCH2 OHOHCH2CH2 HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH , NEDO News, , 32 (1988) 11 ( ) a) HHH HHCH2 OHHCH2 OHHCH3 HOHHCH3 HOHHCH2O HHCH2O H HHCH2CH2 HHCH2CH2 HHCH2CH2 HHCH2CH2 HHCH2CH2 HHCH2CH2 HHb) HHHHHHHH CH2CH2 OCH2 CH2CH2 OCH2 CH3CH2 HOCH2CH3CH2 HOCH2 HHHHCH2 OCH2CH2 HHHHCH2 OCH2CH2 c)

10 HHHH2H HHHCH2 OHHHCH2 OHHHCH3 HOHHHCH3 HOHHHCH2O HHHCH2O H 2H2 12 , 62(671), 160(1983) HHCH2CH2 HHCH2CH2 HHCH2CH2 HHCH2CH2 HHCH2CH2 HHCH2CH2 , NEDO News, , 32 (1988) 13 10 30 MPa 400 480 C Trickle bed Ebullated bed Slurry phase ( / / / / / / (vol%) (mm) 60 40 115 308 30002 (mm) /cm3 (mm))