1. 金属錯体とは 2. 金属錯体の構造 3. 金属錯体の異 …

1 Coordination Chemistry 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. (Metal Complexes) Coordination Chemistry (Coordination Compounds)Werner (Organometallic Complexes)M Hard AcidSoft AcidHard BaseSoft Base (1893 1913 ) HSAB Coordination ChemistryCoordination ChemistryHSAB IIIIIIIVVVI VII VIII IXXXIXII groupvalenveelectrond3d5d4d6d8d7d9d10d10 s2d10s1s1s2 Coordination Chemistry ScTi V Cr MnFe Co Ni Cu ZnY ZrNbMo TcRuRh Pd Ag Cd(La) HfTa W Re OsIrPt Au Hg ScTi V Cr MnFe Co Ni Cu ZnY ZrNbMo TcRuRh Pd Ag Cd(La) HfTa W Re OsIrPt Au Hg Coordination ChemistryIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXIXIIs1s2d 3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10d10s1d10s2electronic structure as neutralNa(I)closedshellMg(II)closedshell V(III)d2V(V)d0K(I)closedshellCa(II)close dshellCr(III)d3Mo(II)d4Mo(III)d3Mo(IV)d2 Mo(V)d1Mo(VI)d0Mn(II)d5Mn(III)d4Mn(IV)d3 Fe(II)d6Fe(III)d5Co(I)d8Co(II)d7Co(III)d 6Ni(II)d8Cu(I)d10Cu(II)d9Zn(II)d10Sc(III )

2 Ti(IV)Ti(III) LM back donationLM donationmanyno ML back donationML donationHardSoftSoftHardO2-, OH-SR2, SR-CO, H-, R- Coordination ChemistryNR2-NR2-CO, PR3R-, Ar-Alkene, AlkyneCoordination Chemistry ligand monodentate) (bidentate) (tridentate) polydentate denticity ( donor): nhapticity ( donor): n (terminal ligand) (bridging ligand) (chelating ligand) (macrocyclicligand) cone angle ( )(M P = PF3104P(OMe)3107 PMe3118 PEt3132 PPh3145P(tBu)3182 (basicity) (ambidentate ligand) (trans influence) (trans effect) (spectrochemical series) bite angle ( , d/r (normalized bite))dppe 78~80 dppp 87~90 dppp 98~100 Coordination Chemistry (aqua)OH2 (monodentate ligands) (hydroxo)O2 (oxo) (thiolato)SR OH MHOM 3 (chloro)Cl (sulfido)S2 (buromo)Br (iodo)l (fluoro)F MXMMX (hydrido)H 3 (A) (B) (A)

3 (B Coordination Chemistry 2 (mono-, bidentate ligands)SCN (isothiocyanato)Pseudohalides (cyanato)CN (azide)N3 ( C,N)( N,N )( N,N)ONOMONOMONOMMONOMM(thiocyanato-S) (isothiocyanato)NCS (thiocyanato-N)( N,S)( N,N) (nitro)NO2 (nitrito)ONO (nitrito-N)(nitrito-O)( O,O)( N,O)[Co(NO2)(NH3)5]2+ O (red), N (yellow)linkage isomerdmso ( dmf, nitrile, ROH, H2O)Coordination Chemistry (carboxylato) 2 (monodentate~bidentate ligands)OOOOox2-H3 CCH3 OOHacac- (ox) (acac) n ( 1)( 1, 1,)( 2)( 1, 1)( 1, 2)( 2)Coordination Chemistry H2 NNH2MH2 NNH2 MenpnH2 NNH2 MbndiamineMHNH2 NNH2dienMNHHNNH2NH2trienNNNHHH tacn1,4,7-triaza-cyclononane (chelate ligand) (macrocyclic ligand)Coordination Chemistry py HNNNHNH2porNNNNRRR=CH2CH2 COOHF eproto porphyrine IXheme porphyrin (macrocyclic ligand)Coordination Chemistry PPMPhPhPhPhBINAPPh2 PPPMMMP hdpmppmPPhMPhtetraphosphinePh2 PPPhMPhPPPh2 Mtetraphos (cone angle) bite angle (normalized bite) (denticity).)

4 NCoordination Chemistry NOOHOHONOHOHOOH4edtaOOOOOO18-crown-6 NHNNONH2 NOHHHHHOHOP-OOO-MM dGMPC oordination Chemistry CpCp*-- 3 (hapticity): n( 5)( 2) Coordination Chemistry N = 24563 linear180 D hD3h trigonalplanarD4h120 90 square planar tetrahedralTd109 squarepyramidalC4v90 trigonalbipyramidalD3h120 90 octahedral90 Oh trigonal prismD3hAu(I), Ag(I)Cu(I), Hg(II)Cu(0), Pd(0)Pt(0)Pt(II), Pd(II), Ni(II)Ir(I), Rh(I)[VO(H2O)4]2+[Ni(CN)5]3-Co(III), Rh(III), Ir(III)Pt(IV), Fe(II), d6, d3Ni(0), Pd(0), Pt(0)Zn(II), L = X[Fe(CO)5][CoH(N2)(PPh3)3][Re{SC(CF3)=C( CF3)S}3]Coordination ChemistryMM = Cu(I), Ag(I) Cu(I), Ag(I), Au(I), Hg(II)(Pd(0), Pt(0)) d10 Cu(I), Ag(I), Au(I), Hg(II)(Pd(0), Pt(0)) d10[CuCl2]-, [Ag(NH3)2]+, [Au(CN)]

5 2]-[AuClL] (L = PR3, R2S), [Au(PR3)2]+Hg(CN)2, Hg(CH3)2 NMNNMe3 SiSiMe3 SiMe3 SiMe3 SiMe3Me3 SiM = Fe(III), (Sc(III), Y(III)[Cu(CN)2]-, [Ag(PPh3)3]+, [Au(PPhCy2)3]+[HgI3]-, [Hg(SPh)3]-[M(PPh3)3] (M = Pd, Pt), [Pt(PCy3)3] Cu(I), Ag(I) d10 1 3 d10 Coordination Chemistry Pt(II), Pd(II), Ni(II)Ir(I), Rh(I), Au(III) d8[RhCl(PPh3)3] Willkinson (1)trans-[IrCl(CO)(PMe3)2] Vaska (2)[M(CN)4]2-(M = Ni, Pd, Pt),[MCl4]2-(M = Pd, Pt)[Pt(NH3)4]2+, cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2] (3)[AuCl4]- IrClPMe3Me3 PCO(1)(2)(3) MX4 (X = F, Cl, Br, F) MO4 d0:[VO4]3-, [CrO4]2-, [MnO4]-[MoS4]2-, [WS4]2-d1: [MnO4]2-, [TcO4]2-, [ReO4]2-[RuO4]-d2:[FeO4]2-, [RuO4]2-d5:[FeCl4]-, [MnCl4]2-d6:[FeCl4]2-, [FeI4]2-d7: [CoCl4]2-d8:[NiCl4]2-, [NiBr4]2-d9:[CuCl4]2-(distorted)d10:[Ni( CO)4], [Cu(CN)4]3-[ZnCl4]2-, [Zn(OH)4]2-[CdCl4]2-, [HgBr4]2-[CoCl4]2-(d7 )(d3, d4 )Coordination Chemistry Berry d0:[Nb(=O)Cl4]-d1: [V(=O)(acac)2], [W(=O)Cl4]-[Tc( N)Cl4]-, [Tc( N)Br4]-d2:[Tc(=O)Cl4]-, [Re(=O)Cl4]-d8:[Ni(CN)5]3-d8.)

6 [Fe(CO)5],[CoH(N2)(PPh3)3] [Ni(CN)5]3-CoMe2 NNNMe2 NMe2 BrZnH2 NNNH2NH2 ClRhPh2 PPPPh2 PPh2SH[CoBr(Me6tren)][ZnCl(tren)][Rh(SH) (P(CH2CH2 PPh2)3)][CoH(N2)(PPh3)3)]Hb model5 ( value = ( max 2nd)/60= 1 (tbp, 0 (sp))tripodalligands tbp Coordination Chemistry (Berry Pseudorotation)Coordination Chemistry [Zr(CH3)6]2-,[M(S2C2R2)3] (M = Mo, R = H; M = Re, R = Ph) [WL3], [ML3]2-(M = Ti, Zr, Hf, L = P2C14H16) S2C2R22-( R = H, Ph, CF3small normarized bite (d/r) d3, d6 Cr(III), Fe(II), Co(III), Rh(III)Ir(III), Pd(IV), Pt(IV)[M(H2O)6]2+(M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)[M(H2O)6]3+(M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn)d4(Mn(III)), d9(Cu(II)) Jahn-Teler P2C14H16(phosphinine OhD4h Coordination Chemistry Geometrical Isomers)MM AABBAABB transcis AABB [PdClBr(PPh3)2], [PtClBr(PPh3)2] 31P{1H} NMR M[MA2B2] 1H 100%, I= 100 MHz, 19F 100%, I= 94 MHz,31P 100% I= MHz, 195Pt 34 % I= MHz, 103Rh 100% I= MHzCoordination Chemistry Geometrical Isomers)

7 Transcis [MA2B2C2] ( MAABAMAABBAABAMABB merfacAAMAABBABB [M(gly)2(H2O)2] (gly- N-O [MA4B2][MA3B3] A, B, C 3 [MAnBmCl] (n+m+l = 6; n, m, l 1) ( [MABCD]Coordination Chemistry (enentiomer) (Absolute Configuration)R/S(Cahn, Ingold, Prelog) Enantiomeric Isomers)[M(A-B)2] (enentiomer)C1 Chiral C2 Chiral AMABBAMABB cis, trans AMAAAAAAMAAAAA [M(A-A)3]Coordination Chemistry Enantiomeric Isomers)C3 Chiral (enentiomer)AAAMAAA (Absolute Configuration) [M(A-B)3] Coordination Chemistry cis-[M(A-A)2B2] Enantiomeric Isomers)Helical chirality (enentiomer) (Absolute Configuration)

8 AAAASkew-line convention BMAAAAB trans trans-[CoCl2(en)2]Cl cis-[CoCl2(en)2]Cl i (S2), (S1), Sn Coordination Chemistry Conformational Isomers) (conformation) Skew-line (gauche)5 H2 NNH2 MenNNCCNNCC (gauche) 1 1,3- (pn) 6 2 S,S-chiraphos 5 Coordination Chemistry (isomer) (structural isomer)[Co(NO2)(NH3)5]2+ (yellow), [Co(ONO)(NH3)5]2+ (red) (stereoisomer) (linkage isomer) (ionization isomer)[PtCl2(NH3)4]Br2, [PtBr2(NH3)4]Cl2 (hydration isomer)CrCl3 6H2O (coordination isomer)[Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6] [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6][(NH3)4Co( -OH)2 CoCl2(NH3)2] [Cl(NH3)3Co( -OH)2 CoCl(NH3)3] (configurational isomer) (geometrical isomer) (enantiomer) (diastereomer) (conformational isomer)cis/trans mer/facR/S / R/S / gauche ( , ), chair, boat, skew ( , ), Coordination Chemistry nomenclature[cation][anion] ion-ate ion [M( n m]p+ or q- 0 [Co(NH3)6]3+ (III)

9 [Re2Cl8]3+ (III) [Cr2( O)(NH3)10]4+ [ (III)] [Co(en)3]2+ (II) mono, di (bis), tri (tris), tetra (tetrakis), penta (pentakis), hexa (hexakis), hepta (heptakis)octa (octakis), nona (nonakis), deca (decakis), undeca, dodeca, trideca, ..[Fe(NCS)(OH2)5]2+ -N (II) Coordination Chemistry nomenclature 1 [Pt(Cl)2(NH3)4]2+ -N (III) (I)[Ni(CO)3(py)][Cr(edta)]-[Co(Cl)2(en)2 ]+[Rh(CO)2I2]- 2 (II) (I)