講演1 わが国の大気環境の現状と自動車排出ガス対策

1 1 3 2 NOx 1 4 1,503 34 429 12 1,932 46 H22 2 1 1 1 1 1 10ppm 16 1 21 2 pp 1 8 20ppm 1 1 1 2 1 1 x 1 1 15 g/m3 1 35 g/m3 1 48 25 53 38 2 21 33

2 5 NO2 22 NO2 1,748 ( 1,332 416) 1,332 100% 407 22 NO2 0%20%40%60%80% H13 H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22H13 H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 1,465 1,460 1,454 1,444 1,424 1,397 1,379 1,366 1,351 1,332 1,451 1,447 1,453 1,444 1,423 1,397 1,379 1,366 1,351 1,332 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 399 413 426 434 437 441 431 421 423 416 317 345 365 387 399 400 407 402 405 407 6 SPM 8100% 22 SPM 1,773 1,374 399 1.

3 278 371 21 412 21 179 SPM 0%20%40%60%80% H13 H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22H13 H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 1,539 1,538 1,520 1,508 1,480 1,465 1,447 1,422 1,386 1,374 1,025 807 1,410 1,486 1,426 1,363 1,295 1,416 1,370 1,278 319 359 390 409 411 418 412 403 406 399 150 123 301 393 385 388 365 400 404 371 7 22 Ox 1,177 1.

4 144 33 0 0% 0 0% 1 2004006008001000 1 Ox 541548458552474H18H19H20H21H22010203040 54575H18H19H20H21H22 10 SPM 9 8 Ox ( ) ( )12 Ox 11 9 JC08 100120 1204 0204060800 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000110012001300 Speed km/hTime sec 22 46 34 12 11 1 g/m3 g/m3 13 34 12 11 ( )1 ( )

5 23 ( )11 ( ) 7 ( )1 ( ) 0 ( )0 ( ) 16 ( )10 ( ) 10 Test mode Pollutant S48S50S53H2H12H17H21 mode / Hot start mode /test H2 10 10-15 H17 HC NMHC H21 JC08 75 25% PM /test Cold start 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 S48 S50 S53 H2 H12 H17 H21 COHCNOxCO 100 1602040608010002004006008001000120014001 6001800 km/h)

6 JE05 0204060801000 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 0204060801001200 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 0204060801000 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 0204060801001200 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 020040060080010001200140016001800 11 WHTC UN-ECE/WP29 WHTC 28 EURO VI 20406080100 020020040060080010001200140016001800 0204060801000200400600800100012001400160 01800 18 H17 HC NMHC H28 86% 14% S49 S52 S54 S58 S63H6 H9 H15 H16 H17 H21 H28 790 790 790 790 510 510 510 510 770 650 540 470 WHTC 6 MJE0513M(ppm)(g/kWh)

7 0102030405060708090100H6H9H15H17H21 PMH6 100 17 12 1,799 3,787 3,911 km/ 1,161 km/ 07%G G 13 22 HP 917 639 405 405 925 345 km/ 46 km/ 106 km/ 1,476 km/ 731 km/ 58 OCE Off-Cycle Emission No.

8 2009 WP29 WNTE World-harmonized Not-to-Exceed 28 EURO VI WNTE19 WNTE WNTE WNTE = WHTC (EL) + WNTE WNTE = x EL + (NOx) ; x EL + (HC) ; x EL + (CO) ; x EL + (PM) 13 324% NOx 33 22 NOx 23 27 G G THC 33 21 THC 23 14 PM (%)

9 12,000ppm5,000ppm(1976 PM 1 MTBE 7 45 90 360 2,000ppm 1992 500ppm 1997 50ppm 2005 10ppm 2007 24 PM 23 23 33 15 OCE Off Cycle Emission 60km/h NOx CO2 26)

10 25 NOx / 16 SCR JE05 NOx N2O NH3 HC SCR NOx NO Tail-endNOxTail-endNH3 Tail-endN2O(g/kWh) (mg/kWh) (mg/kWh) recovery operation (60min) system, statusJE05test#In-useReal-lifeAfter recovery operation (30min)NewAfter aging operation0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 In-use (real-life)In-use (ARO30)In-use (ARO60)NewEmissions [g/kWh]Status of urea-SCR systemN2 ONH3JE05 modeNOx