(1) Fish Marketing Systems - NRI

1 A Guide to the Analysis ofFish Marketing Systems Usinga Combination of Sub-sectorAnalysis and the SustainableLivelihoods ApproachU. Kleih, P. Greenhalgh and N. OudwaterThe integration of wider development approaches in the fisheries sector is essential for thesector to be fully involved in the development Guide to the Analysis of FishMarketing Systems Using a Combination of Sub-sector Analysis and the SustainableLivelihoods Approachdiscusses the main elements to be considered when analysing a fishmarketing chain from a livelihoods perspective.

2 This analysis uses both the SustainableLivelihoods Approach and sub-sector analysis and argues that this combination ofmethodologies delivers the most reliable the guide can be used for the analysis of any fish Marketing chain in developingcountries, the focus is on the marine fisheries sector using two DFID-funded researchprojects in India and bangladesh as case studies. It is primarily aimed at researchers anddevelopment practitioners investigating fisheries-based communities or sub-sectors with theintention of preparing project interventions or policy FISHERIESRESEARCH PROGRAMMEA Guide to the Analysis ofFish Marketing Systems Usinga Combination of Sub-sectorAnalysis and the SustainableLivelihoods ApproachU.

3 Kleih, P. Greenhalgh and N. Oudwater(1) fish Marketing 8/8/03 5:55 pm Page iii The University of Greenwich 2003 The Natural Resources Institute (NRI) of the University of Greenwich is an internationally recognizedcentre of expertise in research and consultancy in the environment and natural resources sector. TheInstitute carries out research and development and training to promote efficient management and use ofrenewable natural resources in support of sustainable extracts of this publication may be reproduced in any non-advertising, non-profit-making contextprovided that the source is acknowledged as follows:KLEIH, U.

4 , GREENHALGH, P. and OUDWATER, N. (2003) A Guide to the Analysis of fish MarketingSystems Using a Combination of Sub-sector Analysis and the Sustainable Livelihoods , UK: Natural Resources for commercial reproduction should be sought from the Managing Editor, University ofGreenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United publication is an output from a research project funded by the United Kingdom Department forInternational Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries.

5 The views expressed are notnecessarily those of Post-Harvest Fisheries Research ProgrammeNatural Resources InstituteISBN: 0 85954 522-0 University of Greenwich, a registered charity and company limited by guarantee, registered in England (Reg. No. 986729). Registered Office:Old Royal Naval College, Park Row, Greenwich, London SE10 9LS.(1) fish Marketing 8/8/03 5:55 pm Page iiContentsAcknowledgementsvIntroduction1 Objective Of The Guide1 Background 1 Overview of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach5 Background 5 The Key Elements of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework6 Methodology 7 Sub-sector Analysis9 Background9 Concepts and Definitions10 Sub-sector Mapping 11 Steps Involved in Sub-sector Analysis and Resources Required11 Combining Sub-sector Analysis with the SustainableLivelihoods Approach 13 Building a Project Partnership13 Approaching the Topic14 Mapping the Commodity

6 Chain14 Understanding the Livelihoods Context of Sub-sector Participants 14 Economic Analysis Focusing on financial Capital Assets 17 Technical Post-harvest Issues18 The Way Forward18 Practical Issues21 Steps Involved in the Case Study Projects21 Review of methods used in the bangladesh project22 Review of methods used in the India project23 Data Collection Methods24 Desk studies24 Participatory survey methods25 Rapid market appraisal26 Quantitative methods/questionnaire surveys27 Combinations of quantitative and qualitative methods29 AppendixesAppendix 1: References, Further Reading Material And Relevant Websites31 Appendix 2: The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach And Its Relevance for fish Marketing35 Appendix 3: Steps in Sub-sector Analysis49 Appendix 4: India and bangladesh Project Case Study Material53 Appendix 5: Examples of Checklists and Guidelines Developed 71for Fieldwork in bangladesh and Indiaiii(1) fish Marketing 8/8/03 5:55 pm Page iiiAbbreviationsCMSC irrus Management Services Pvt.

7 Ltd, IndiaCODECC ommunity Development Centre, Chittagong, BangladeshDFIDD epartment for International Development, UKEU European UnionHACCPH azard Analysis Critical Control PointICMI ntegrated Coastal Management, IndiaIMMI ntegrated Marine Management LtdMAPPM orocco Agribusiness Promotion Project (MAPP)MPEDAM arine Products Export Development Authority, IndiaNGONon-Governmental OrganizationNRIN atural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, UKPHFRP(DFID) Post-Harvest Fisheries Research ProgrammePLA Participatory Learning and ActionPPA Participatory Poverty AssessmentPRAP articipatory Rural AppraisalRMAR apid Market AppraisalRRA Rapid Rural AppraisalSCP Structure, Conduct.

8 Performance modelSIFFSS outh Indian Federation of Fishermen SocietiesSLAS ustainable Livelihoods ApproachSPSS anitary and Phytosanitary StandardsSUFERS upport for University Fisheries Education and Research, Dhaka, BangladeshUoCUniversity of Chittagong, BangladeshUSAIDU nited States Agency for International Developmentiv(1) fish Marketing 8/8/03 5:55 pm Page ivAcknowledgementsThe authors would like to express their gratitude to their research partners who participated in the twoprojects from which this guide has been developed.

9 Some of the case study material used in the guidehas been borrowed from their project reports. Particular thanks are due to the members of the followingorganizations:Cirrus Management Services Pvt Ltd (CMS), Bangalore, IndiaCommunity Development Centre (CODEC), Chittagong, BangladeshIntegrated Coastal Management (ICM), Kakinada, IndiaIntegrated Marine Management (IMM Ltd), Exeter, UKSouth Indian Federation of Fishermen Societies (SIFFS), Trivandrum, IndiaUniversity of Chittagong (UoC) Marketing and Sociology Departments, authors are grateful to CODEC for providing the photographs used for the cover design of addition, the valuable information provided by Mr Ivor Clucas is gratefully but not least, the authors would like to thank the DFID Post-Harvest Fisheries ResearchProgramme for providing the funds for the preparation of this (1) fish Marketing 8/8/03 5:55 pm Page v(1) fish Marketing 8/8/03 5.

10 55 pm Page viObjective of the GuideThe objective of this guide is to provide the mainelements that need to be considered whenanalysing a fish Marketing chain from alivelihoods perspective. It is argued that acombination of the Sustainable LivelihoodsApproach (SLA) and sub-sector analysis willdeliver the most reliable results. The combinationof the two approaches allows a clear focus on themain stakeholders involved in the commoditychain, emphasizing livelihoods aspects, but alsoemploying more traditional methodologies.