Transcription of 1. Fluid & Electrolytes Cheat Sheet
1 Fluid & Electrolytes Cheat SheetPotassium - - Potassium P - Priority! Since - pumps the heart & musclesHYPER kalemia (over )Heart - TIGHT & CONTRACTED1ST elevation and Peaked T waves2 Severe = Vfib or Cardiac Standstill!3 Hypotension, BradycardiaGI TRACT - TIGHT & CONTRACTED1 Diarrhea2 Hyperactive bowel soundsNEUROMUSCULAR - TIGHT & CONTRACTEDP aralysis in ExtremitiesIncreased DTR Profound Muscle Weakness, (General Feeling of heaviness)Hypokalemia (below )HEART - LOW & SLOW1 Flat T waves, ST depression, & prominent U waveMUSCULAR - LOW & SLOW1 Decreased DTR2 Muscle cramping3 Flaccid paralysis (paralyzed limbs)GI - LOW & SLOWD ecreased motility, hypoactive to absent bowelsounds, ConstipationAbdominal distentionParalytic ileus, paralyzed intestines!
2 *PRIORITY* for SB0 (small bowel obstruction)Sodium 135 - 145S - Sodium S - Swells the bodyto maintain: Blood Pressure Blood Volume pH balanceHyponatermia (below 135)HYPONATREMIA - DEPRESSED & DEFLATEDNEURO = Seizures & ComaHEART = Tachycardia, & weak thready pulsesRESPIRATORY ARRESTM agnesium - - Magnesium M - Mellows the M - Muscles (relaxes)Hypomagnesemia (below )1. CARDIAC - BUCK WILD! EKG: ST depression, T wave inversion Torsades de pointes SEVERE = V fib VITALS = Tachycardia2. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES - BUCK WILD Hyporeflexia - increased DTR3. EYES - BUCK WILD Abnormal eye movements (nystagmus)4. GI - BUCK WILD DiarheaHYPER magnesemia (over )1.
3 CARDIAC - CALM & QUIET Heart block Prolonged PR intervals VITALS = bradycardia, hypotension2. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES - CALM & QUIET Hyporeflexia - Decreased DTR3. LUNGS - CALM & QUIET Depressed shallow respirations3. GI - CALM & QUIET Hypoactive bowel soundsCalcium - the 3 Bs Strong B - Bone B - Blood B - Beats (heart)HYPER calcemia (over )SWOLLEN & SLOW - MOANS, GROANS & STONES1. CONSTIPATION2. BONE PAIN3. STONES Renal Calculi (kidney stones)4. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES Decreased DTR Severe muscle weaknessHypocalcemia (below ) T - Trousseau s T - Twerking arm with BP cuff on C - Chvostek s C - Cheek smile when touched Diarrhea Circumoral tingling Weak bonesChloride 97 - 107 Sodium s sidekick Maintains: Blood Pressure Blood Volume pH balanceHypochloremia (below 97) tNEARLY SAME AS LOW SODIUM EXCESSIVE DIARRHEA, VOMITING, SWEATING FEVER TEST TIP: ONLY DIFFERENCEHYPER chloremia (over 107) NEARLY SAME AS HIGH SODIUM NAUSEA & VOMITING SWOLLEN DRY TONGUE CONFUSIONP hosphate - with bone & teeth formation.
4 Helps regulate calcium Ca HIGH = Phosphate LOW Ca LOW = Phosphate HIGHH ypophosphatemia (below )Swollen & SLOW - MOAN, GROANS & STONES1. CONSTIPATION2. DECREASED DTR & SEVERE MUSCLE WEAKNESS3. DECREASED HR, RR4. INCREASED BPHYPER phosphatemia (over ) LOW CALCIUM BAJA CA+1. TROUSSEAU S SIGNS2. CHVOSTEK S SIGNS3. DIARRHEA4. WEAK Bs Strong bones? - WEAK! (fractures) Strong blood clotting? - WEAK! (risk for bleeding) Strong heart beats? - WEAK! (cardiac dysrhymias)ElectrolyteFunctionHYPER HIGH Hypo low HYPER natremia (over 145)HYPERNATREMIA = BIG & BLOATED1. SKIN FLUSH Red & Rosy EDEMA waterbed skin LOW GRADE FEVER2.
5 POLYDIPSIA EXCESS THIRST3. LATE SERIOUS SIGN SWOLLEN dry tongue GI = nausea & vomiting INCREASED muscle tone NCLEX TIPNCLEX TIPNCLEX TIP*Disclaimer: Values above are based on NCLEX standards, many books & hospitals will differ in their values.
