第12章分子の対称 - 福井大学

1 1 2013 4 2013 8 114M 2 : E-mail 8 9 10 11 12 2 2 12 (symmetry operation) (symmetry element) line) (plane) (point) 3 C2 C3 C4 Cn n= 360 / 4 * (identity)E (rotation)Cnn (reflection) (S1 ) (inversion) i (S2) (improper rotation) Snn 1 (S1 ) 2 (S2) (Cn) (Sn) (Sn) * 5 12 1 - n Cn h nm/m6 identity ECHOOCNH2H3CH 18 7 rotation Cnn= 2 / C2 C3 NH3H2O8 n n n 9c6c2c2c2C6 C2 10 reflection V H2O V V (v:vertical)11 v d h C2 C2 (v:vertical)(h:horizontal)(d.

2 Dihedral) C2 C2 12 inversion i H2O NH3 CH4 13n improper rotation SnS44 CH4 4 n n 14 (a) CH4 S4 90 (b) S6 60 15 S2 1 1 S1= S2= i16 ABCDADCBABCD B434 S417 S2=iABCDADCBADCB B434 18 S1= ABCDADCBADCB B 3419 20 Sunday Special Peanuts SeriesSNOOPY 15 THEY DON T SNOOPY 222

3 (chirality) (chiral) (achiral) 23 (isomer) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 S R 31 Point Group C1, Cs.

4 Ci C1 E C1 CHOOCNH2H3CH18 32Cs E Cs NNCOOHCi E i Ci 3 4 CCHOOCHOOHCOOHHH Ci Sn CS S1 Ci S2 33 - Cn E Cn Cn OHOHHHClHHClC2C2 34 OHOHOHOHC2C2C2 35Cn CHOOCNH2H3 CHC1 (CH2)8 COOHC1 36 OHOHC2 CCCClHClHClHHClC2 37 - Cnv Cn v n Cnv OHH v 'vNHHHH2OC2vNH3C3v 38 ClNCHClClClCHCl3C3vC6H5Cl C2v C2vC=O C v39 CCClHHClCCClHHCl6trans-1,2- n C2hCn h Cnh - Cnh C2h S2 i 2 S2 40 - Dn Cn Cn C2 n Dn 41 - Dnh Dn Cn h)

5 Dnh FBFF hD3hHCHCHHD2h 42 CCHHHHHH eclipsed conformation13 C2H6D3h D hH-C C-H43 - Dnd Dn C2 n d Dnd CCHHHHHHHHHHHH d 44 - Td C2 C3 C3 d S4 C3 Td CHHHHC3 C3 45 - Oh C4 Oh FFFFFSF 46 (a) Cn Cnv CS Cn Cnv C2v CO2 D h C2 C2 OH Cn 48 IFClBrHOHCOOHOHHOOCHMeso-tartaric acidNQuinolineOOHHC2H2O2 CCClHHClTrans CHCl=CHClBOOOHHHB(OH)3 0 =0inversion 0in plane =0 h symmetry 0along C2 0along C2 0along C3 =0inversion Cs49(b) Sn S1) (S2)

6 S4 S4 50 OOHHC2 OOHHC2 COOHH2 NHHCOOHH2 NHCH3 HOOH 18 19 51 i S2 S4 52 H2O (1) (2)n>2 Cn (3)C2 (4) Cn C2 Cn (5) h (6) v C2v 53 Sn