14 Glossary of Terms APPENDIX B

1 APPENDIX B: Glossary of Terms 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444. ACALCULIA: The loss of ability to perform APHASIA: The loss of ability to comprehend, mathematical functions. manipulate, or express words in speech, writing, or gesture. Usually associated with injury or disease in brain centers which control these processes. ACCELERATION: Advancement of a pupil at a rate faster than usual in or from a given grade or ! Auditory Aphasia - inability to comprehend course. This may include gifted students identified spoken words. The same as word deafness and according to Bulletin 1508, Pupil Appraisal receptive aphasia. Handbook. ! Expressive Aphasia - inability to remember the ADAPTED PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASS: pattern of the movement required to speak even An alternative setting for delivery of adapted though one knows what he wants to say.

2 Physical education required by an IEP in which all of the following conditions exist: APRAXIA: The loss of the ability to perform purposeful motor patterns. ! Instruction is provided by a certified adapted physical education teacher. Consultative and APTITUDE: The extent to which a person may be evaluation services may be provided in expected to succeed in acquiring new skills or addition to case loads indicated below. knowledge in a particular area. ! Only exceptional children are enrolled whose ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY DEVICE: Any need is documented in accordance with criteria piece of equipment or product system, acquired for participation in adapted physical education commercially off-the-shelf or modified or established by the Department. customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve a child's functional capabilities.

3 ! Enrollment is in accordance with established pupil/teacher ratios. ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY SERVICES: Any service that directly assists a child with a disability ! In cases of mixed grouping of exceptionalities, in the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive the lower caseload level as listed above shall technology device. be used when the majority of the membership is in that lower caseload level. However, the AUDIOLOGY: instructional groups shall not be mixed by level of severity. ! The identification of children with a hearing loss. AGNOSIA: The inability to identify familiar objects through a particular sense organ. ! The determination of the range, nature, and degree of hearing loss, including referral for AGRAPHIA: The inability to recall kinesthetic medical and other professional attention for the writing patterns; , cannot relate the mental habilitation of hearing.

4 Images of words to the motor movements necessary for writing them. ! The provision of habilitative activities such as language habilitation, auditory training, speech Glossary of Terms Revised: July 2002. reading (lip-reading), evaluation, and speech AVERAGE DEVIATION: A measure of conversation. variability obtained by finding the arithmetic mean of the absolute values of the deviations of the ! The creation and administration of programs individual scores from a measure of the central for prevention of hearing loss. tendency of a distribution. Also called mean deviation. ! The counseling and guidance of pupil, parents, and teachers, regarding hearing loss. BEHAVIOR DISORDER: A pattern of situationally inappropriate interpersonal or ! The determination of the child's needs for intrapersonal behavior which is exhibited over an group and individual amplification, selecting, extended period of time and to a significant degree, and fitting an appropriate aid, and evaluating and which cannot be explained by intellectual, the effectiveness of amplification.

5 Sensory, neurological, or general health factors. The term never includes children who are autistic AUDING: Listening, recognizing, and interpreting but it may include children who are socially spoken language. More than just hearing and maladjusted if it is determined that they are also responding to sounds. behavior disordered. AUDITORY ASSOCIATION: The ability to BILATERAL: Pertaining to the use of both sides relate spoken words in a meaningful way. of the body in a simultaneous and parallel fashion. AUDITORY CLOSURE: The ability to produce BINOCULAR FUSION: The ability to integrate a word from an incomplete auditory presentation. simultaneously into a single percept the data received through both eyes when they are aimed at AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION: The ability to the same position in space.

6 Distinguish one sound from another and to perceive the number and order of sounds in a group of BLIND: The possession of a central visual acuity sounds or a spoken syllable. It is critical to reading of 20/200 or less in the better eye with correcting and spelling success, as well as to acquiring, glasses, or a peripheral field of vision so contracted understanding, and using spoken language. that its widest diameter is less than twenty degrees. AUDITORY MEMORY: The ability to repeat a BODY IMAGE: Awareness of one's body sequence of symbols correctly. (including the precise location of its parts in time and space). It includes the impressions one receives AUDITORY PERCEPTION: The ability to from internal signals as well as feedback received receive and understand sounds. from others. AUDITORY RECEPTION: The ability to CLOSURE: The process of achieving completion understand the spoken word.

7 In behavior or mental act; the tendency to stabilize or to complete a situation. Closure may occur in AUTISM: A severe development disability that any sensory modality. significantly affects verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, that is COGNITIVE STYLE: An individual's generally evident before age three and that characteristic approach to problem solving and adversely affects educational performance. cognitive tasks. For example, some people tend to be analytical, seeing parts, while others tend to be AVERAGE: Same as measure of central tendency. holistic, seeing things in their entirely with little In more popular usage, same as mean or arithmetic awareness of components. mean. COMPULSIVENESS: Insistence on performing Glossary of Terms Revised: July 2002. or doing things in habitual ways.

8 DEAF: A severe hearing impairment with a pure tone average of 500, 1000, 2000 Hz in the better ear CONCRETISM: An approach to thinking and of 70 db or more (ANSI) and which results in a behavior in which a person tends to regard each deficit in processing linguistic information through situation as essentially new and unique. Such a hearing, with or without amplification. person fails to see essential similarities between situations which others accept as similar or even DEAF-BLIND: Concomitant hearing and visual identical. impairments, the combination of which causes such severe communication and other developmental and CORRELATION: The relation between two educational problems that they cannot be variables; the extent of similarity in direction and accommodated in special education programs solely degree of variations in corresponding pairs of scores for deaf or for blind children.

9 On two variables. DECILE: A name given to every tenth percentile. CORRELATION COEFFICIENT: The 10th percentile is the first decile, the 20th percentile, the second decile, etc. ! Same as Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient; THE DEPARTMENT: The Louisiana State Department of Education. ! any measure of relation between two variables DERIVED SCORE: A score obtained from ! Also called coefficient of correlation. another score or scores by statistical methods;. examples are a percentile score and a standard COUNSELING SERVICES: Services provided score. Also called transmuted score. by qualified social workers, psychologists, guidance counselors, or otherwise qualified personnel. DEVIATION: CROSS-VALIDATION: An attempt to show that ! A gross score minus the mean of the relationships inferred from a particular study hold distribution.

10 Up in a similar study involving different people. ! a gross score minus any specified measure of CROSSING THE MIDLINE: The movement of central tendency;. the eyes, a hand or forearm, or a foot and leg across the midsection of the body without involving any ! a gross score minus an arbitrary origin. If the other part of the body, , without turning the head, deviations so obtained are expressed in Terms twisting or swaying the trunk, or enervating the of the class interval as a unit, they are called opposite limb. step deviations. CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DEVIATION IQ: A standard score with mean and DISTRIBUTION: standard deviation approximating those of the Stanford-Binet ratio IQ - usually a mean of 100 and ! A table of frequencies of a series of scores; it standard deviation of 15 or 16. shows the number of cases in all classes lower than the upper limit of each class interval or DIAGNOSTIC TEST: A test designed to reflect fundamental factors of performance which, when !