参考資料2－3 ニッケル(金属および合金） H27有害性評価書

1 27 1 2 ( ) 3 4 1 (ICSC 2001) 5 ( ) 6 NICKEL 7 Ni 8 9 CAS 7440-02-0 10 9( ) 418 11 12 ( ) 13 ( ) Ni 63~65 % Cu 30~32 % Fe Mn 14 ( ) Ni ~70 % Cr ~50 % 15 ( ) Ni 45~62 % Cr 0~22 % Mo ~28 % Fe 3~ % 16 17 / ( ) Ni ~42 % Fe 30~46 % Cr 18 ~ % Nb Mo Ti Al 19 ( ) Ni 6~22 % Cr 16~26 % Mn 2 % Mo 0~4 % 20 Fe 21 ( ) Ni 19 % Co 13 % Fe 55 % Al 10 % Cu % 22 ( ) N i 4 6 % F e 5 4 % N i 7 8 % M o 4 % C u 5 % 23 F e 1 3 % 24 ( ) Ni 50 % Al 50 % 25 26 27 28 % 29 30 31 32 2 33 (1) ( ) (ICSC 2001) 34 2,730 C 1455 C ( ) 2 35 (2) ( ) (ICSC 2001) 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 3 ( 2015) 46 ( ) 46,418 t (2013 ) 47 ( ) 35,238 t (2013 ) 48 49 50 ( 90 % 2/3 ) 51 52 53 54 4 55 ( )

2 56 57 58 m 13 59 90 60 1 mg/m361 13 6 % 62 5 m ( ) 63 64 (SIDS 2008) 65 66 5 % / 67 % 1/100 68 % 69 % (SIDS 2008) 70 71 in vivo % 72 % (SIDS 2008) 73 3 74 ( ) 75 76 77 5 m ( ) 78 97-99 % (SIDS 2008) 79 27 % 1~5 % 80 (SIDS 2008) 81 82 83 1) 2) - ( 84 ) 3) 85 40 % 34 % 26 % 86 1 ppm 87 88 89 (SIDS 90 2008) 91 92 93 17-29 94 95 20~30 % 1~5 % 96 97 98 30~60 99 (SIDS 2008) 100 101 (1) 102 103 104 (SIDS 2008) (RTECS 105 2009) (NTP 1994) 106 107 LC50 LCLo 10 mg/m3 (2h)

3 LD50 LDLo 200 mg/kg 9,000 mg Ni/kg 4 LDLo 200 mg/kg LD50 LD50 LDLo 4 mg/kg 50 mg/kg 108 109 110 111 112 (RTECS 2009) 113 114 115 116 (SIDS 2008) 117 118 119 1989 25 120 (MAK 2008) ( ) 121 122 123 ( ) 124 125 Wistar ( 50 ) 0, , , mg Ni/m3 126 (MMAD= m, GSD= m) 1 6 5 103 127 130 mg Ni/m3 128 7-8 129 LOAEL mg Ni/m3 ( Oller et al 2008) (IARC 2012) 130 mg/m3 1 6 5 4 8 131 ( 132 2009) 133 C57B1 20 15mg/m3 99% 4 m 1134 6 4~5 21 135 (Hueper 1958) (IARC 1990) 136 50 Wistar 60 Bethesda black 15 mg/m3 99% 137 4 m 1 6 4~5 21 138 84 50 15 139 140 5 (Hueper 1958) 141 (IARC 1990 1976) 142 143 144 0 100 1,000 2,500 ppm (0 5 50 125 mg Ni/kg bw) 145 2 1,000 ppm 146 ( 2009) 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 (NITE 2008) (MAK 2006) 154 155 ( )

4 156 In vitro 157 158 159 160 Wistar 1 mg/ 10 mg/ 161 20 32 8 ( 162 ) 39 10 (9 ) 163 1 12 (Pott et al 1987) 164 (IARC 1990) (MAK 2006) ( 2009) 165 Wistar ( 50 ) 0, , , mg Ni/m3 166 (MMAD= m, GSD= m) 1 6 5 103 167 130 mg Ni/m3 ( 168 19/50, 5/50 21/50) mg Ni/m3 ( 169 7/54) ( 170 Oller et al 2008) (IARC 2012) 171 172 / / 173 Wistar 50 1 ( ) 10174 46 175 (Pott et al. 1987) (IARC 1990) ( 2009) (IARC 2012) 176 177 6 178 179 180 181 182 ( 183 4 5 m 5 10 20 g/mL) (20 g Ni/mL 184 3%) (NITE 2008) (MAK 2006) 185 186 (2) ( ) 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 ( 2009) 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 ( 2009) 202 203 204 ( 2009)

5 205 206 ( 207 ) 208 209 210 ( ) 211 212 ( ) 213 mg/m3 214 ( 2009) 215 216 7 217 ( 218 2014) 219 220 221 ATSDR (2005) 222 223 224 ( 2014) 225 2 226 (95 227 CL = - ) (95 CL = - ) ( 228 ) (95 CL = - ) 229 (95 CL = - ) 230 (95 CL = - ) 231 ( 2014) 232 233 234 Outokumpu ( ) 235 ( 2009) 236 237 238 239 Richard Doll 240 (International Committee on Nickel Carcinogenesis in Man 1990 241 Doll ) 242 10 243 244 20 245 246 Doll 247 248 249 ( 2009)

6 250 Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant 251 1 mg Ni/m3 252 253 Doll 254 718 255 8 ( 2009) (IARC 2012) 256 (high nickel alloys) 1998 257 ( mg Ni/m3) 258 31,000 13 259 260 (MAK 2006)( 2009)(IARC 2012) 261 5 1,999 262 ( 263 2009) (IARC 2012) 264 265 266 267 10-4 ( g/m3)-1 (IRIS 1991) 268 4 10-4 ( g/m3)-1 (WHO/AQG-E) 269 ( ) 10-4 ( g/m3)-1 (CalEPA 2011) 270 271 272 IARC 2B (1990) (IARC 2012) 273 1 (2012) 274 ( ) 1 275 2 B (2009) ( 2015) 276 EU CLP 1 mm 2 (2008) (EU CLP) 277 NTP 13th 278 (First listed in the First Annual Report on Carcinogens (1980)) 279 280 (First listed in the Tenth Report on Carcinogens (2002)) 281 ACGIH A5 282 A1 283 A4 (1998) (ACGIH 2015) 284 285 286 287 288 (3) 289 ACGIH TLV-TWA mg/m3 (2001 ) (ACGIH 2015)

7 290 mg/m3 291 mg/m3 292 mg/m3 293 TLV-TWA 294 9mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 295 mg/m3 296 297 A5 298 A1 299 A4 300 Skin SEN TLV-STEL 301 302 303 304 1 mg/m3 (1967) 305 2 1 3 (2014) 306 ( *) (2009 )( 2015) 307 10 3 10 g Ni/m3 308 10 4 1 g Ni/m3 309 * 310 ( ) (2009 ) ( 2015) 311 mg Ni/m3 312 mg Ni/m3 313 2 1 3 (2014) 314 2 315 ( ) 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 NTP 323 324 LOAEL 325 326 2 327 NOAEL mg Ni/m3 UF 328 mg Ni/m3 ( 329 ) LOAEL mg 330 Ni/m3 UF 5(LOAEL NOAEL 2 331 ) mg Ni/m3 332 mgNi/m3 333 10 mg Ni/m3 334 335 336 DFG MAK (MAK 2015) 337 MAK NOAEL 338 1 ( 339 ) 340 341 NIOSH REL (NIOSH)

8 342 343 344 (ACGIH 2001) American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) TLVs and BELs with 7th Edition Documentation (CD-ROM 2015) (ACGIH 2015) American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) TLVs and BELs (Booklet 2015) (ATSDR 2005) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: Toxicological Profile for Nickel (CalEPA 2011 ) California EPA: Hot Spots Unit Risk and Cancer Potency Values (updated 2011) ( ) (Dunnick 1995) Dunnick JK, Elwell MR, Radovsky AE, et al. Comparative carcinogenic effects of nickel subsulfide, nichel oxide, or nickel sulfate hexahydrate chronic exposures in the lung. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 5251 6. (EU CLP) Summary of Classification and Labelling Harmonised classification - Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation) :Nickel powder ( -database/-/cl-inventory/view-notificati on-summary/133816) (EU RAR 2008) EU RAR: NICKEL (2008) (IARC 2012) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans.

9 Vol 100C (2012) (ICSC 1993) International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO/IPCS) International Chemical Safety Cards ICSC:0062 NICKEL: ICSC :0062 11 (IPCS 1991) WHO/IPCS Environmental Health Criteria( :Nickel( ) (IRIS 1991) U. S. Environmental Protection Agency : Integrated Risk Information System(IRIS) Nickel refinery dust; no CASRN (MAK 2015) DFG: MAK- und BAT-Werte-Liste .(2015 ) (MAK 2006) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG):Nickel and its compounds [MAK Value Documentation, 2006] ( ) (NIOSH) NIOSH NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards , Nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni) ( (NITE 2008) : No69 (NTP 1994a) US DHHS, Public Health Service, National Institute of Health. National Toxicology Program Technical Report. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of nickel oxide in F344N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies).))

10 Technical Report Series No. 451. NIH Pub. NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1994. (NTP 1994) US DHHS, Public Health Service, National Insti