2 競争優位性 - UTokyo OpenCourseWare

1 2006 1 ? -1960 1950 1965 -1970 -1980 1980 -1990 Porter, 1980 2006 2 - - - Resource-Based View of the firm -1980 Wernerfelt 1984 Barney 2002 - - 2002 P53.

2 2006 3 1960 Andrews, 1971 SWOT PPM 1970 1980 Competitive Strategy 1980 Resource-Based View: RBV 1980 -Clark and Fujimoto 1991 2006 4 industry structure - - strategic group - mobility barrier Rent Rent Abnormal Profit

3 Richardian Rent 2006 5 Resource Based View Resource-Based View of the Firm Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5, 171-180. Barney, J. (2002). Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, :.Prentice Hall. (2002). Resource-Based View 1(9), 687-703.

4 - - - - - - 2006 6 - - - - (sustainable competitive advantage) VRIO Barney, J. (2002). Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, :.Prentice Hall., Chapter5. V: Value R: Rareness I: Imitability Va l u e : Rareness : Imitability.

5 2006 7 No No High Yes No High Yes Yes High Yes Yes Low - - - Value - - - 2006 8- IC - - - - Rareness - -POS - ATM -ERP SAP Imitability - - time compression diseconomy R&D 1 (first mover advantage) 2006 9 (path dependent) 2 3 QC 4.

6 First-Mover Advantage Lieberman, and Montgomery, (1988). First-mover advantages. Strategic Management Journal, 9, 41-58. (first-mover advantages ) 1) 2) 2006 10 free-ride Lieberman, and Montgomery, (1988). First-mover advantages. Strategic Management Journal, 9, 41-58. 4. first-mover disadvantages free-ride opportunity cost R&D Spence, 1984; Ghemawat and Spence, 1985.

7 Lieberman, 1987 70 65 2006 11 Abell, 1978 Schnaars, (1994). Managing Imitation Strategies: How Later Entrants Seize Markets from Pioneers, New York: Free Press , P (1996) .. 1966 1967 1975 1977 1978 1982 ABC 1939 ENIAC/UNIVAC 1946 IBM 1953 MITS 1975 II 1977 1977 IBM-PC 1981 1982 1984 1985 OS /M 1974 MS-DOS 1981 1985 1979 - - 1983 1979 1982 1983 / 35 1925 1932 1936 1934 1946 SLR 1959 VCR 1956 CBS-EVR 1970 U 1971 1975 JVC VHS 1976 RCA 1977 1984.

8 2006 12 1984 invisible assets organizational capabilities 2003 2006 1997 . - TQC - - - - 2003 2006 14 2003 , 2 3