2003 Global Geography - csp.ednet.ns.ca

1 INTRODUCTION TOGLOBAL GEOGRAPHYUNIT 1 UNIT 1 CORRESPONDENCE STUDY PROGRAMPAGE 15 The answers to why you should learn geographyand the geographic method are explained in thefirst unit of the text. Read Chapter 1, TheGeographic Approach pages 2-17 in study of Geography can be traced to ancientGreece. The ancient Greeks were influenced bythe sea, the mountains and the Peloponnesepeninsula. The Greek environment created aneed to understand climate, trade, landscape andthe sea. The interaction of the Greeks with theirnatural world allowed them to sail the Aegeanand Mediterranean Seas, to secure foodstuffs andtrade olive oil. The natural resource wealthgenerated from Athenian silver mines paid toconstruct a naval fleet. This naval fleet turnedback the Persian invasion at the Battle of Salamisin 480 Greeks understood their physical world wasinterconnected. The landscape shaped theireconomy and climate and strongly influencedGreek cultural societies used maps and created othergeographic records to know when and where toplant, to know when rivers would rise and flood,and to know where communal buildings andresidential housing should be also played a role in many the Great campaigned with ageographer.

2 The geographers knowledgeenabled Alexander s troops to forage for foodand water and to allow Alexander to plan battlesin particular locations where he had theadvantage. Alexander recognized the geographicfeatures favouring his troops. His knowledge ofplace ensured that the Greek culture spread andabsorbed the beneficial characteristics of thecultures his army had a practical understanding of thebenefits derived from a knowledge of an intellectual leve,l he understood thebenefits to be shared by all peoples from culturalinterchanges and through economic provide for easy defence, economic growthand cultural exchange, Alexander hadgeographers propose transportation routes tospeed trade and to assure armies could rush todefend his forms the basis of decisions in today ssociety. During Alexander s conquest of theknown world location was equally the location questions in the text,page the location questions Alexander mighthave considered during his conquest of Assyria,Lebanon and Persia in 334-323 Learn Geography ?

3 THE FATHER OF GEOGRAPHYThe ancient Greek Eratosthenes (276 BCE)may be considered the father of was born around 276 BCE and becamethe administrator of the Great Library atAlexandria in 240 BCE. While in Alexandriahe wrote Geography , a treatise about theancient world. Geography means writingGLOBAL Geography 12 CORRESPONDENCE STUDY PROGRAMPAGE 16about the earth in Greek. Eratosthenes Geography included torrid, temperate, andfrigid zones as geographic used the Syene Well todetermine the circumference of the Earth. Itwas known that sunlight only struck thebottom of the well on the summer this, Eratosthenes calculated theEarth s calculate the Earth s circumference heused the approximate distance between Syeneand Alexandria (787 km). This figure wasgiven to Eratosthenes by caravan traders. Onthe day of the solstice, he measured the arcangle of the shadow in the Syene Well equalto degrees. The formula Eratosthenesdeveloped and used in his calculation By cross multiplying the distancebetween Alexandria and Syene (787 km) by360 degrees in a circle and dividing by thedegrees in the arc ( ), Eratosthenes wasable to determine the Earth s measurements were slightly offdue to minor errors in his calculation,however his calculation of 39,350 km is stillvery close to the actual circumference, whichis 40, highway interchanges.

4 Write threelocation questions company managementwould ask before planning to construct astore near an interchange. (5 points)ACTIVITY 2 20 POINTSH alifax, Nova Scotia in 2003 has a new pesticideby-law. Read the by-law overview, ChronicleHerald article, and the brochure on thefollowing pages of this guide. Research the topicusing EBSCO, the public library, the Internetand/or other sources. Write a two-page reportwhich demonstrates your geographicunderstanding of the issues leading to thedevelopment of the prepare your report consider, The Conceptsof Geography (pages 9-13). Your response tothe by-law should focus on three of thefundamental Geography concepts: location,region, spatial pattern, spatial interaction,human/ environmental interactions and culture.(20 points)A Brief Overview - By-Law P - 800 Halifax regional council voted 17-6 to phaseout lawn chemicals by April by-law applies to outdoor applicationsfor maintenance of plants and turf to rentaland residential properties, or to propertiesowned by the municipality.

5 The by-law doesnot apply to: agricultural, forestry,commercial, or institutional properties. Theby-law does not apply to all pesticide useindoors, or for the control of biting insects(mosquitos).ACTIVITY 1 20 POINTS1. Turn to page 6 of Global Connections tocomplete either questions 1. a, 1. b, and 1. cor question 2 of the Independent Study.(15 points)2. Read page 9, Location . Grocery chains inNova Scotia have constructed stores nearUNIT 1 CORRESPONDENCE STUDY PROGRAMPAGE 17 HALIFAX GRAPPLES WITH LAWN ORDERISSUE - PESTICIDE BYLAW MAY BE HARD TOENFORCEBy Michael Lightstone, July 13, 2000. Thisarticle courtesy of The Halifax Herald Regional Municipality won't use yardpolice or random grass testing to enforce itsnew lawn chemical bylaw, a senior staffer saidWednesday. Municipal solicitor WayneAnstey said city hall will act on complaintsand rely on witnesses and evidence to try tocatch he said the municipality "would notbe actively patrolling" residentialneighbourhoods, the bylaw could pit oneneighbour against another.

6 "If a neighbour, for example, saw someonecome out with a bag of (lawn chemicals)and dump it into a spreader and then startwalking up and down the lawn .. then thatwould be pretty good evidence of the factthat a person was putting a pesticide on thelawn," Mr. Anstey said."And if the (bylaw enforcement) officer thenwent to the residence and found the bag,from that they could collect physical evidenceand pursue a prosecution, he officers can issue violators a $100ticket, Mr. Anstey said, or take more seriouscases to court. The maximum fine is $2,000or 30 days in regional council voted 17-6 Tuesdaynight to phase out lawn chemicals by April2003. Mr. Anstey said the new rules are notin place yet because the bylaw must gothrough second reading at council on and then be announced in law should be in effect by Aug. 19, butcouncil has acknowledged it won't be easy tocrack down on sprayers."We would be faced with the same difficultiesas we are with respect to a lot of violations,"said Mr.

7 Anstey, referring to evidence-gathering challenges and counting on thetestimony of witnesses."We would not be doing any chemical testing(on lawns) or that sort of thing."Other details of Bylaw P-800, whichregulates the use of pesticides, herbicides andinsecticides: An immediate ban on spraying onmunicipally owned property, a policynow in place. A public education program about thenew rules to be developed by city hallThe by-law applies to pesticides registered bythe federal government. Pesticides approvedby the federal government under the PestControl Products Act are assigned an PCPnumber to identify the pesticide. A sign mustbe posted 24 hours prior to use and remainposted four days after a pesticide must indicate the commercial name ofthe Geography 12 CORRESPONDENCE STUDY PROGRAMPAGE 18staffers and implemented in the future. In April 2001, a registration system willallow people with chemical sensitivities toidentify their homes to HRM soneighbours can't spray within 50 metresof them.

8 Chemically sensitive people willneed to send letters from two doctors tocity hall. Also by April 2001, there's to be a 50-metre pesticide ban around schools,hospitals, churches, day-care centres,playgrounds and other public areas. In April 2003 , a complete ban on lawnchemicals on residential propertiesACTIVITY 3 30 POINTSYou are employed as a Regional Health Officerin Nova Scotia. Recent public concern over thespread of West Nile Virus has propelled the needfor an action plan to address public concerns andto educate the public about the disease. The planmust also address the need to limit theopportunity for the virus to Prepare a background report on West NileVirus following the pattern in the article Disease as a Geographical Problem text pages5 and 6. Research the topic using EBSCO,the public library, the Internet or othersource. Locate statistics to map the NorthAmerican location of the disease since 1999.(10 points)2. Prepare the action plan to include at least sixrecommendations.

9 See the Action PlanProcess and sample table in Fig 1-2.(10 points)3. Use the points you recommend in the actionplan to create a public service announcement,poster or brochure. (10 points)THE ACTION PLAN PROCESSThe action plan process can help you to developa response to Activity 3, question 2. Read theAction Plan Process steps and create a tablesimilar to Fig 1 - 2, stating the actions needed,the objectives, who is expected to carry out thetasks and the time-line indicating when eachtask is to be 1 DEFINE GOALSA ction plans specify the actions needed toaddress short and long term goals. A goal is avision statement: what is to be achieved. Theactions specify how to reach each goal bydefining who will complete each action 2 SET SPECIFIC AND MEASURABLE OBJECTIVESA ction plans set specific objectives andmeasurable results. The results must bemeasurable, or you cannot evaluate the successof your action plan. An example of a specificobjective would be:"Through the use of a mail-out campaign andpublic service announcements on television andradio, the government will reducepreventable injuries in the workplace by 55 percent by June 2006.

10 "In June of 2006, the program can be evaluatedby calculating the number of workplace injuriesbefore the campaign started and after thecampaign is finished to see if the goal of a 55 perUNIT 1 CORRESPONDENCE STUDY PROGRAMPAGE 19 How the By-Law WorksThe Pesticide By-Law (P-800) applies to allresidential and municipal properties in HRM andrefers to the outdoor use of pesticides, insecticides,and herbicides for the maintenance of trees andshrubs, flowers, and other ornamental plants andturf. The By-law provides some protection for thosewho may suffer from exposure to pesticides. Thenew law has a phased approach which providesimmediate protection for special population groups,while allowing the community and industry toadapt over a two-year transition phase:Year 1: As of August 19, 2000 an immediate banon the use of pesticides on municipal propertywas 2 and 3: Commencing April 1, 2001 a banwas issued on the use of pesticides on residentialproperties in HRM located within a 50 metre radiusof: a property registered as being occupied bypersons at risk who provide two physiciansletters the boundary of any property containing anyschool, licensed daycare, playground, park,church, licensed seniors' residence, university,or 4.