2007 11 Concrete Pipe 101

1 2007 2007 Concrete pipe 101 AgendaoTerminologyoManufacturingMethodso ASTMS pecificationsoPipe JointsoPipe TestingoFittingsoManholesoSizingoFlotati on3 Manufacturing Methods Wet Cast Dry Cast4 Manufacturing Methods Wet Cast- Uses a Concrete mix that is wetrelative to the mixes used in otherprocesses. Usually contains a slump lessthan 4 inches and used for production oflarge diameter pipe . Dry Cast- Uses a Concrete mix with zeroslump. The method has several variationsbut all use low frequency-high amplitudevibration to distribute and densely compactdry mix in the Methods of Dry Cast ManufacturingVibratorySourcesoInternalHy draulicoExternalPneumaticElectricHydraul ic6 Dry Cast 84 x 16 7 Dry Cast Box Culvert83 Types of ASTM Standards Manufacturing testing Installation9 Manufacturing SpecificationsoC-14 Non-reinforced ConcretePipeoC-76 Reinforced Concrete PipeoC-361 Low Pressure RCPoC-443 Rubber Gasket Joints forRCPoC-478 ManholesoC-506 Arch RCPoC-507 Elliptical RCPoC-1433 precast Box Culverts Replaced C-789 & C-85010 pipe Design Considers InstallationNote from ASTM C76.

2 This specification is amanufacturing and purchase specification only, and doesnot include requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load condition and the strengthclassification of pipe . However, experience has shownthat the successful performance of this product dependsupon the proper selection of the class of pipe , type ofbedding and backfill, and care that installation conforms tothe construction specifications. The owner of thereinforced Concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned thathe must correlate the field requirements with the class ofpipe specified and provide inspection at the Test SpecificationsoC-497 Test Methods for RCP & MHo3 Edge BearingoCore & Cylinder StrengthoHydrostatic TestoC-924 Low Pressure Air testing , upto 24 oC-969 Infiltration/Exfiltration Testof Installed Concrete PipeoC-1214 vacuum testing of InstalledPipeoC-1244 vacuum testing of InstalledMH12 Installation SpecificationsoC-1479 Installation of RCPU sing Standard InstallationsoCompanion Design Spec w/ ASCE 15oSection 27 of AASHTO LRFDB ridge 2007 2007 JointsThe links that make thesystem wholeAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click here14 Bell & Spigot or Tongue & GrooveWhat s the Deal?

3 Female end of pipe (bell, groove) portion of the end of the pipe , regardless of shape, which overlaps a portion of the end of the adjoining pipeMale end of pipe (spigot, tongue) - portion of the end of the pipe , regardless of shape, which is overlapped by portion of the end of the adjoining pipe15 Arch & Elliptical Shapes16 Define the Service Requirements Soil Tight Silt Tight Watertight gravity Watertight pressure17 Soil Tight/ Silt Tight Storm drains and culverts only! Intended to preclude soil / silttransfer through joint Non-precision joint Mastic sealant Preformed butyl sealant Mortar Joint Fabric External Wrap ASTM C99018 Soil Tight Joint19 Soil Tight Joint with Fabric20 Pushing Box Joint Home21 Soil Tight/Silt Tight Joint with External WrapASTM C87722 Soil/ Silt Tight Joint23 Soil Tight Joint24 Watertight Gravity* Precision Joint O-Ring gasket Profile gasket ASTM C443 ASTM C1628* Tested to zero leakage in the manufacturing plant 25 Watertight - Gravity JointConfined Gasket - O-Ring or Profile26 Watertight - Gravity Joint27 Watertight - Gravity JointOffset Spigot - Profile Gasket28 Watertight - Gravity Joint29 Watertight - Pressure Precision Joint O-Ring gasket ASTM C36130 Steel Joint Ring Pipe31 Gasket materials Polyisoprene.

4 Standard use Chloroprene - moderatehydrocarbon resistance Nitrile / Viton - highhydrocarbon resistanceo-ring gasketprofile gasket32 Joint TestingEnsures jointintegrity afterinstallationASTM C49733 Fittings Bevels / Radius, notalways available Bends TeesNOTE: Check supplier for availabilityAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click here34 Bevels / Radius pipe orBoxesAdditional Info. Click Here3536 Fittings Bends Tees/Wyes Reducers/ Increasers Adapters37 Fittings Bends Tees/Wyes Reducers/Increasers Adapters3839 manholes testing Sizing Flotation Connectors & Joint Sealants Depth Round or SquareAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click hereAdditional Design Data Click Here40 vacuum testing manholes ASTM C-124441 vacuum testing Manholes42 Additional Design Data Click HereManhole Flotation4344 Manhole Sizing Flexibility Handling Weight45 SIZING MANHOLESMULTIPLE HOLES AT SAME 60 72 84 96 M, in/degMH x Angle = YY - pipe #1 Opening/2 - pipe #2 Opening/2 = aA = Distance between the two openingsMinimum a is 6 for 48 - 72 Dia.

5 MH and 8 for *4 Dia. MHM= Circumference/360 Example: pipe #1 = 36 RCP B Wall @ 6:00 pipe #2 = 36 RCP B Wall @ 3:00 Angle = 90 Try 72 Dia. MHY = x 90 = = - 53/2 - 53/2 = < 6 ; too smallTherefore, try 84 Dia. MH:Y = x 90 = A = - 51/2 - 51/2 = > 8 ; OKa90 C LC LPipe #14610585669178608084715467/7070 84 70 60 48 Hole Size (Arc) per MH Diameter, , , : Where two dimensions are shown, 48/50, the first one is for B Wall pipe and the second one is for C Wall pipe . Use the Arc length for pipe Design Basics Fact :Buried pipe Must PerformTwo Critical FunctionsBuried PipeConduitStructureStructureConduitConc rete PipeBeddingFoundationRigid PipeTraffic LoadEarth LoadLoadsSupportingStrengthInitial BackfillFinal BackfillHaunching51 Unstable Foundation!How do we define thestrength of concretepipe?

6 D-Load ?3-Edge BearingClassWall Thickness ?54 Wall Thickness & Reinforcement A-Wall Wall thickness ininches = Diameter in feet B-Wall Wall thickness ininches =Diameter in feet+1 C-Wall Wall thickness ininches =Diameter in feet+ 24 pipe = 2 Wall 24 pipe = 3 Wall 24 pipe = WallSupportTest SpecimenApplied LoadThree-Edge-BearingASTM C76, C506, C507 ASTM C497D-LoadSupporting strength ofa pipe loaded underthree-edge bearing testconditions, expressedin pounds per linearfoot per foot of insidediameter or horizontalspan when testedaccording to = load (lbs/ft. ) to produce crack, 12 longDULT = load (lbs/ft. ) to cause structuralfailureGravity pipe Classes3750375030003000VV300030002000200 0 IVIV2000200013501350 IIIIII1500150010001000 IIII12001200800800 IID-Load .01D-Load .01 AASHTO M170 AASHTO M170 ASTM C76 ASTM C76 ClassClass60 ASTM C-76 Class IV 8 = 2000 DULT = 3000 Total Load = (60/12)(8)(2000) = 80,000 = (60/12)(8)(3000) = 120,000 Cl IV RCP80,000 on pipe Earth Live Construction OtherAdditional Design Data Click = Required structural capacity, = Earth load, = Live load, = pipe diameter, = Earth Load Bedding FactorBFL = Live Load Bedding FactorFS = Factor of safetySelection of pipe StrengthAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click hereD = WEBFE+WLBFLXFSDG ravity pipe Classes3750375030003000VV300030002000200 0 IVIV2000200013501350 IIIIII1500150010001000 IIII12001200800800 IID-Load.

7 01D-Load .01 AASHTO M170 AASHTO M170 ASTM C76 ASTM C76 ClassClassPrescriptive Specification Cook Book Spec BeddingFactordepends ontype andquality ofinstallationStandard Installations Click hereWho Is Responsible for BeddingFactor? Engineer via specification,inspection and testing Contractor via installation meansand methods Inspector via inspection andtestingAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click hereHow do we designconcrete pipe ?System DesignStructureJointDurabilitySystem DesignStructureDesign BasicsInstallationMethodology &Earth LoadDeterminationAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click herePipe Installation Methods Trench Positive projectionembankment Negative projectionembankment Jacked, bored, or tunneledAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click here Installation MethodsPositiveProjectingTrenchTunnelNeg ative ProjectingPositive ProjectingEmbankmentExisting GradeFinal GradePositive Projecting EmbankmentTrenchExisting and Final GradeTrenchUndisturbedSoilUndisturbedSoi lNegative Projecting EmbankmentExisting GradeFinal GradeNegative Projecting EmbankmentTrenchlessInstallation(embedme nt)

8 Types orClassesAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click hereStandard BeddingOuter BeddingLower SideStandard Installations- ASTM & AASHTOI nstallation TypeBedding Thickness Haunch & Outer BeddingLower SideType IDO/24 minimum, not 95% Category I90% Category Iless than 3 in. (75 mm). 95% Category IIIf rock foundation, use 100% Category IIIDO/12 minimum, not lessthan 6 in. (150 mm).Type 2DO/24 minimum, not 90% Category I 85% Category Iless than 3 in. (75 mm). 95% Category II 90% Category IIIf rock foundation, use 95% Category IIIDO/12 minimum, not lessthan 6 in. (150 mm).Type 3DO/24 minimum, not 85% Category I 85% Category Iless than 3 in. (75 mm). 90% Category II 90% Category IIIf rock foundation, use 95% Category II 95% Category IIIDO/12 minimum, not lessthan 6 in.

9 (150 mm).Type 4No bedding required No compaction required, No compaction required,except if rock except if Category III, except if Category III,foundation, use DO/12 use 85% use 85%minimum, not less than6 in. (150 mm).Standard InstallationsCostType 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 pipe CostConstruction CostStandard InstallationTotal CostOptions for FindingRequired pipe Strength Plug & chug -blue book Fill height tables Computersoftware -PipePac 200084 Steps for Determining the RequiredPipe Strength 1 - Select the method of installation(trench, embankment, etc.) 2 - Determine the earth load(Installation Type: 1-4) 3 - Determine the live load 4 - Determine the bedding factor(installation type: 1 4) 5 - Calculate the required D-Load 6 - Specify the classD = WEBFE+WLBFLXFSDStep 1 Determine theMethod ofInstallationAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click hereStep 2 Determine EarthLoadAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click here89WE = VAF x PL VAF Vertical Arching Factor Type 1 VAF = Type 2 VAF = Type 3 VAF = Type 4 VAF = PL - Prism Load, the weight of the column of earthcover over the pipe outside diameterStep 3 Determine the LiveLoadAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click hereLive Load Sources Highway loads Railroad loads Aircraft loads Construction loads OtherStep 4 Determine the BeddingFactorAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click here94 Bedding Factors.

10 Embankment ConditionsPipeStandard InstallationDiameterType 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 412 in. in. in. in. in. pipe diameters other than listed in Illustration , embankment condition factors, Bfe can be obtained by Factors are based on the soils being placed with the minimum compaction specified in Illustration for each standard 5 Calculate theRequired D-LoadAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click = Required structural capacity, = Earth load, = Live load, = pipe diameter, = Earth Load Bedding FactorBFL = Live Load Bedding FactorFS = Factor of safetySelection of pipe StrengthAdditional Info in the Concrete Design Manual - click hereD = WEBFE+WLBFLXFSDStep 6 Select the ClassGravity pipe ClassesASTM C76 ClassD-Load.