2015 REVISED The Ontario Curriculum Grades 11 and 12

1 Canadian and World StudiesECONOMICS GEOGRAPHY HISTORY LAW POLITICSThe Ontario CurriculumGrades 11 and 122015 REVISEDThe Ontario Public Service endeavours to demonstrate leadership with respect to accessibility in Ontario . Our goal is to ensure that Ontario government services, products, and facilities are accessible to all our employees and to all members of the public we serve. This document, or the information that it contains, is available, on request, in alternative formats. Please forward all requests for alternative formats to ServiceOntario at 1-800-668-9938 (TTY: 1-800-268-7095).CONTENTSPREFACE 5 Secondary Schools for the Twenty-First Century.

2 5 Supporting Students Well-Being and Ability to Learn ..5 INTRODUCTION 8 The Vision and Goals of the Canadian and World Studies Curriculum ..8 The Importance of the Canadian and World Studies Curriculum ..11 The Citizenship Education Framework ..13 Economics ..13 Geography ..14 History ..15 Law ..15 Politics ..16 Concepts Underlying the Canadian and World Studies Curriculum ..16 Roles and Responsibilities in the Canadian and World Studies Program ..18 THE PROGRAM IN CANADIAN AND WORLD STUDIES 22 Overview of the Program ..22 Curriculum Expectations ..29 Strands in the Canadian and World Studies Curriculum .

3 32 The Inquiry Process ..33 Spatial Skills: Using Maps, Globes, and Graphs ..34 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT 35 Basic Considerations ..35 The Achievement Chart for Canadian and World Studies ..39 SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROGRAM PLANNING IN CANADIAN AND WORLD STUDIES 44 Instructional Approaches ..44 Planning Canadian and World Studies Programs for Students with Special Education Needs ..46 Program Considerations for English Language Learners ..49 Une publication quivalente est disponible en fran ais sous le titre suivant : Le Curriculum de l Ontario 11e et 12e ann e tudes canadiennes et mondiales, 2015 This publication is available on the Ministry of Education website, at Education and Canadian and World Studies.

4 52 Healthy Relationships and Canadian and World Studies ..53 Equity and Inclusive Education in the Canadian and World Studies Program ..54 Financial Literacy in Canadian and World Studies ..55 Literacy, Mathematical Literacy, and Inquiry Skills in Canadian and World Studies ..57 Critical Thinking and Critical Literacy in Canadian and World Studies ..58 The Role of the School Library in the Canadian and World Studies Program ..60 The Role of Information and Communications Technology in the Canadian and World Studies Program ..61 The Ontario Skills Passport: Making Learning Relevant and Building Skills ..62 Education and Career/Life Planning through the Canadian and World Studies Curriculum ..63 Cooperative Education and Other Forms of Experiential Learning.

5 64 Planning Program Pathways and Programs Leading to a Specialist High Skills Major ..64 Health and Safety in the Canadian and World Studies Program ..65 Ethics in the Canadian and World Studies Program ..65 COURSES 67 ECONOMICS 69 Introduction ..69 Strands ..69 The Concepts of Economic Thinking ..70 The Economic Inquiry Process ..72 The Individual and the Economy, grade 11, University/College Preparation (CIE3M) ..75 Analysing Current Economic Issues, grade 12, University Preparation (CIA4U).

6 91 Making Personal Economic Choices, grade 12, Workplace Preparation (CIC4E) ..107 GEOGRAPHY 123 Introduction ..123 Strands ..123 The Concepts of Geographic Thinking ..124 The Geographic Inquiry Process ..126 Regional Geography, grade 11, University/College Preparation (CGD3M) ..129 Forces of Nature: Physical Processes and Disasters, grade 11, University/College Preparation (CGF3M) ..147 Travel and Tourism: A Geographic Perspective, grade 11, Open (CGG3O) ..161 Introduction to Spatial Technologies, grade 11, Open (CGT3O) ..177 World Issues: A Geographic Analysis, grade 12, University Preparation (CGW4U).

7 193 World Geography: Urban Patterns and Population Issues, grade 12, University/College Preparation (CGU4M) ..211 The Environment and Resource Management, grade 12, University/College Preparation (CGR4M) ..227 Spatial Technologies in Action, grade 12, University/College Preparation, (CGO4M) ..2453 World Issues: A Geographic Analysis, grade 12, College Preparation (CGW4C) ..261 Living in a Sustainable World, grade 12, Workplace Preparation (CGR4E) ..279 HISTORY 293 Introduction ..293 Strands ..293 The Concepts of Historical Thinking ..294 The Historical Inquiry Process.

8 296 American History, grade 11, University Preparation (CHA3U) ..299 World History to the End of the Fifteenth Century, grade 11, University/College Preparation (CHW3M) ..317 Origins and Citizenship: The History of a Canadian Ethnic Group, grade 11, Open (CHE3O) ..333 World History since 1900: Global and Regional Interactions, grade 11, Open (CHT3O) ..351 Canada: History, Identity, and Culture, grade 12, University Preparation (CHI4U) ..369 World History since the Fifteenth Century, grade 12, University Preparation (CHY4U) ..389 World History since the Fifteenth Century, grade 12, College Preparation (CHY4C) ..409 Adventures in World History, grade 12, Workplace Preparation (CHM4E) ..427 LAW 443 Introduction.

9 443 Strands ..443 The Concepts of Legal Thinking ..444 The Inquiry Process in Legal Studies ..446 Understanding Canadian Law, grade 11, University/College Preparation (CLU3M) ..449 Understanding Canadian Law in Everyday Life, grade 11, Workplace Preparation (CLU3E) ..463 Canadian and International Law, grade 12, University Preparation (CLN4U) ..477 Legal Studies, grade 12, College Preparation (CLN4C) ..493 POLITICS 507 Introduction ..507 Strands ..507 The Concepts of Political Thinking ..508 The Political Inquiry Process ..510 Politics in Action: Making Change, grade 11, Open (CPC3O).

10 513 Canadian and International Politics, grade 12, University Preparation (CPW4U) ..527 APPENDICES 543A . The Goals of Social Studies ..543B . The Citizenship Education Framework ..544C . Map, Globe, and Graphing Skills A Continuum ..546 GLOSSARY 5555 PREFACEThis document replaces The Ontario Curriculum , Grades 11 and 12: Canadian and World Studies, 2005. Beginning in September 2015, all Canadian and world studies courses for Grades 11 and 12 will be based on the expectations outlined in this SCHOOLS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURYThe goal of Ontario secondary schools is to support high-quality learning while giving individual students the opportunity to choose programs that suit their skills and interests.