2018 REVISED The Ontario Curriculum

1 Social StudiesGrades 1 to 6 History and GeographyGrades 7 and 8 The Ontario Curriculum2018 REVISEDThe Ontario Public Service endeavours to demonstrate leadership with respect to accessibility in Ontario . Our goal is to ensure that Ontario government services, products, and facilities are accessible to all our employees and to all members of the public we serve. This document, or the information that it contains, is available, on request, in alternative formats. Please forward all requests for alternative formats to ServiceOntario at 1-800-668-9938 (TTY: 1-800-268-7095).

2 CONTENTS PREFACE 3 Elementary Schools for the Twenty-First Century .. 3 Supporting Students Well-Being and Ability to Learn .. 3 INTRODUCTION 6 The Vision and Goals of the Social Studies, History, and Geography Curriculum .

3 6 The Importance of Social Studies, History, and Geography in the Curriculum .. 9 Citizenship Education Framework .. 10 Social Studies .. 10 History .. 11 Geography .. 12 Concepts Underlying the Social Studies, History, and Geography Curriculum .. 13 Indigenous Education in Ontario .. 14 Roles and Responsibilities in Social Studies, History, and Geography .. 15 THE PROGRAM IN SOCIAL STUDIES, HISTORY, AND GEOGRAPHY 19 Curriculum Expectations .. 19 The Strands in the Social Studies, History, and Geography Curriculum .

4 22 The Inquiry Process in Social Studies, History, and Geography .. 23 Spatial Skills: Using Maps, Globes, and Graphs .. 25 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT 27 Basic Considerations .. 27 The Achievement Chart for Social Studies, History, and Geography .. 31 SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROGRAM PLANNING IN SOCIAL STUDIES, HISTORY, AND GEOGRAPHY 36 Instructional Approaches .. 36 Cross-Curricular and Integrated Learning .. 39 Planning Social Studies, History, and Geography Programs for Students with Special Education Needs.

5 40 Program Considerations for English Language Learners .. 42 Environmental Education in Social Studies, History, and Geography .. 45 Une publication quivalente est disponible en fran ais sous le titre suivant : Le Curriculum de l Ontario tudes sociales, de la 1re la 6e ann e Histoire et g ographie, 7e et 8e ann e, 2018. This publication is available on the Ministry of Education website, at Relationships and Social Studies, History, and Geography .. 46 Equity and Inclusive Education in Social Studies, History, and Geography.

6 47 Financial Literacy in Social Studies, History, and Geography .. 49 Literacy, Mathematical Literacy, and Inquiry in Social Studies, History, and Geography .. 50 Critical Thinking and Critical Literacy in Social Studies, History, and Geography .. 52 The Role of the School Library in Social Studies, History, and Geography Programs .. 54 The Role of Information and Communications Technology in Social Studies, History, and Geography .. 55 Education and Career/Life Planning through the Social Studies, History, and Geography Curriculum .

7 56 Health and Safety in Social Studies, History, and Geography .. 57 SOCIAL STUDIES, GRADES 1 TO 6 59 The Topics .. 60 The Concepts of Social Studies Thinking .. 60 The Social Studies Inquiry Process .. 63 Grade 1 .. 65 Grade 2 .. 75 Grade 3 .. 85 Grade 4 .. 97 Grade 5 .. 109 Grade 6 .. 123 HISTORY, GRADES 7 AND 8 137 The Topics .. 138 The Concepts of Historical Thinking .. 138 The Historical Inquiry Process .. 140 History, Grade 7 .. 143 History, Grade 8 .. 155 GEOGRAPHY, GRADES 7 AND 8 169 The Topics.

8 170 The Concepts of Geographic Thinking .. 170 The Geographic Inquiry Process .. 172 Geography, Grade 7 .. 175 Geography, Grade 8 .. 187 APPENDICES A . The Goals of the Additional Subjects in Canadian and World Studies .. 199B . Citizenship Education Framework (table) .. 201C . Map, Globe, and Graphing Skills A Continuum .. 203 GLOSSARY 2113 PREFACEThis document replaces The Ontario Curriculum : Social Studies, Grades 1 to 6; History and Geography, Grades 7 and 8, 2013.

9 Beginning in September 2018 all social studies, history, and geography programs for Grades 1 to 8 will be based on the expectations outlined in this edition of the Curriculum includes a revision of the social studies and history Curriculum ,1 developed in collaboration with First Nations, M tis, and Inuit educators, community members, and organizations. The revision was undertaken in response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada s calls to action numbers 62 and 63. ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURYO ntario elementary schools strive to support high-quality learning while giving every student the opportunity to learn in the way that is best suited to their individual strengths and needs.

10 The Ontario Curriculum is designed to help every student reach their full potential through a program of learning that is coherent, relevant, and age appropriate. It recognizes that, today and in the future, students need to be critically literate in order to synthesize information, make informed decisions, communicate effectively, and thrive in an ever-changing global community. It is important that students be connected to the Curriculum , that they see themselves in what is taught, how it is taught, and how it applies to the world at large.