2018 REVISED The Ontario Curriculum Grades 9 and 10

1 Canadian and World StudiesGEOGRAPHY HISTORY CIVICS (POLITICS)The Ontario CurriculumGrades 9 and 102018 REVISEDThe Ontario Public Service endeavours to demonstrate leadership with respect to accessibility in Ontario . Our goal is to ensure that Ontario government services, products, and facilities are accessible to all our employees and to all members of the public we serve. This document, or the information that it contains, is available, on request, in alternative formats. Please forward all requests for alternative formats to ServiceOntario at 1-800-668-9938 (TTY: 1-800-268-7095).

2 CONTENTSPREFACE 3 Secondary Schools for the Twenty-First Century .. 3 Supporting Students Well-Being and Ability to Learn .. 3 INTRODUCTION 6 The Vision and Goals of the Canadian and World Studies Curriculum .. 6 The Importance of the Canadian and World Studies Curriculum .

3 9 The Citizenship Education Framework .. 10 Geography .. 10 History .. 11 Civics (Politics) .. 12 Concepts Underlying the Canadian and World Studies Curriculum .. 13 Indigenous Education in Ontario .. 15 Roles and Responsibilities in the Canadian and World Studies Program .. 16 THE PROGRAM IN CANADIAN AND WORLD STUDIES 19 Overview of the Program .. 19 Curriculum Expectations .. 24 Strands in the Canadian and World Studies Curriculum .. 27 The Inquiry Process .. 28 Spatial Skills: Using Maps, Globes, and Graphs.

4 29 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT 30 Basic Considerations .. 30 The Achievement Chart for Canadian and World Studies .. 33 SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROGRAM PLANNING IN CANADIAN AND WORLD STUDIES 38 Instructional Approaches .. 38 Planning Canadian and World Studies Programs for Students with Special Education Needs .. 40 Program Considerations for English Language Learners .. 43 Environmental Education and Canadian and World Studies .. 46 Une publication quivalente est disponible en fran ais sous le titre suivant : Le Curriculum de l Ontario 9e et 10e ann e tudes canadiennes et mondiales, 2018 This publications is available on the ministry of Education website, at Relationships and Canadian and World Studies.

5 47 Equity and Inclusive Education in the Canadian and World Studies Program .. 48 Financial Literacy in Canadian and World Studies .. 49 Literacy, Mathematical Literacy, and Inquiry Skills in Canadian and World Studies .. 50 Critical Thinking and Critical Literacy in Canadian and World Studies .. 52 The Role of the School Library in the Canadian and World Studies Program .. 54 The Role of Information and Communications Technology in the Canadian and World Studies Program .. 55 The Ontario Skills Passport: Making Learning Relevant and Building Skills.

6 56 Education and Career/Life Planning through the Canadian and World Studies Curriculum .. 56 Cooperative Education and Other Forms of Experiential Learning .. 57 Planning Program Pathways and Programs Leading to a Specialist High Skills Major .. 58 Health and Safety in the Canadian and World Studies Program .. 58 Ethics in the Canadian and World Studies Program .. 59 COURSES 61 GEOGRAPHY 63 Introduction.

7 63 Strands .. 63 The Concepts of Geographic Thinking .. 64 The Geographic Inquiry Process .. 66 Issues in Canadian Geography, grade 9, Academic (CGC1D) .. 69 Issues in Canadian Geography, grade 9, Applied (CGC1P) .. 87 HISTORY 103 Introduction .. 103 Strands .. 103 The Concepts of Historical Thinking .. 103 The Historical Inquiry Process .. 105 Canadian History since World War I, grade 10, Academic (CHC2D).

8 107 Canadian History since World War I, grade 10, Applied (CHC2P) .. 131 CIVICS (POLITICS) 149 Introduction .. 149 Strands .. 149 The Concepts of Political Thinking .. 150 The Political Inquiry Process .. 152 Civics and Citizenship, grade 10, Open (CHV2O) .. 155 APPENDICES A . The Goals of social Studies, Economics, and Law .. 167B . The Citizenship Education Framework (table) .. 169C . Map, Globe, and Graphing Skills A Continuum .. 171 GLOSSARY 1793 PREFACEThis document replaces The Ontario Curriculum , Grades 9 and 10: Canadian and World Studies, 2013.

9 Beginning in September 2018, all Canadian and world studies courses for Grades 9 and 10 will be based on the expectations outlined in this document. This edition of the Curriculum includes a revision of the history Curriculum ,1 developed in collaboration with First Nations, M tis, and Inuit educators, community members, and organizations. The revision was undertaken in response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada s calls to action numbers 62 and SCHOOLS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURYThe goal of Ontario secondary schools is to support high-quality learning while giving individual students the opportunity to choose programs that suit their skills and interests.

10 The updated Ontario Curriculum , in combination with a broader range of learning options outside traditional classroom instruction, will enable students to better customize their high school education and improve their prospects for success in school and in REVISED Curriculum recognizes that, today and in the future, students need to be critically literate in order to synthesize information, make informed decisions, communicate effectively, and thrive in an ever-changing global community. It is important that students be connected to the Curriculum ; that they see themselves in what is taught, how it is taught, and how it applies to the world at large.