Example: marketing

25 Questions on onHealth - World Health …

World Health OrganizationHealth & Human Rights Publication Series Issue , July 200225 Questions &AnswersHealth &Human Rights25 Questions &AnswersHealth &Human Rightson on25 Questions & Answers on Health and Human RightsAcknowledgements: 25 questions and Answers on Health and Human Rights was madepossible by support from the Government of Norway and was writtenby Helena Nygren-Krug, Health and Human Rights Focal Point, WHO,through a process of wide-ranging consultations. In particular,substantive guidance was provided by Andrew Cassels, AndrewClapham, Sofia Gruskin and Daniel Tarantola. Jenny Cook should alsobe acknowledged for background research, input and , input was provided by Robert Beaglehole, Gian LucaBurci, Nick Drager, Nathalie Drew, Alison Lakin, Debra Lipson, CraigMokhiber, Bill Pigott, Genevi ve Pinet, Nicole Valentine, JavierVelasquez, Simon Walker and Dan Wikler.

World Health Organization Health & Human Rights Publication Series Issue No.1, July 2002 25 Questions & Answers Health & Human Rights on on

Tags:

  Health, Question, World, Organization, 25 questions, Health world health organization, Onhealth, 25 questions on onhealth world health

Information

Domain:

Source:

Link to this page:

Please notify us if you found a problem with this document:

Other abuse

Transcription of 25 Questions on onHealth - World Health …

1 World Health OrganizationHealth & Human Rights Publication Series Issue , July 200225 Questions &AnswersHealth &Human Rights25 Questions &AnswersHealth &Human Rightson on25 Questions & Answers on Health and Human RightsAcknowledgements: 25 questions and Answers on Health and Human Rights was madepossible by support from the Government of Norway and was writtenby Helena Nygren-Krug, Health and Human Rights Focal Point, WHO,through a process of wide-ranging consultations. In particular,substantive guidance was provided by Andrew Cassels, AndrewClapham, Sofia Gruskin and Daniel Tarantola. Jenny Cook should alsobe acknowledged for background research, input and , input was provided by Robert Beaglehole, Gian LucaBurci, Nick Drager, Nathalie Drew, Alison Lakin, Debra Lipson, CraigMokhiber, Bill Pigott, Genevi ve Pinet, Nicole Valentine, JavierVelasquez, Simon Walker and Dan Wikler.

2 Finally, Catherine Browne,Annette Peters, Dorine Da re-van der Wal and Daryl Somma arethanked for their support. World Health organization , 2002 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, WorldHealth organization , 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications - whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution - should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinionwhatsoever on the part of the World Health organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of itsauthorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.))

3 Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border linesfor which there may not yet be full mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommendedby the World Health organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissionsexcepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital World Health organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct andshall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its and printed in France. Cover photo: WHO/PAHO - Designer: Fran ois Jarriau / Kaolis. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataQuestions and answers on Health and human rights.( Health and human rights publication series) rights - 2. Public Health - policy - law - - I.

4 World Health organization - II. SeriesISBN 92 4 154569 0(NLM classification: WA 30)ISSN 1684-1700 World Health Organization25 Questions & Answers on Health & Human Rights25 Questions & Answers on Health and Human Rights2 It is my aspiration that Health will finallybe seen not as a blessing to be wished for,but as a human right to be fought for. United Nations Secretary General, Kofi Annan325 Questions & Answers on Health and Human RightsThe enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of Health as afundamental right of every human being was enshrined inWHO s Constitution over fifty years ago. In our daily work,WHO is striving to make this right a reality for everyone, payingparticular attention to the poorest and most vulnerable. The human rights discourse provides us with an inspirationalframework as well as a useful guide for analysis and action. TheUnited Nations human rights mechanisms provide importantavenues towards increasing accountability for to human rights is growing worldwide.

5 WHO is activelyengaged in increasing its understanding of human rights in relationto Health . We are learning from other United Nations agencies, theinternational community and other stakeholders. It is in this context that WHO has launched the Health and HumanRights Publication Series. We have chosen 25 questions andAnswers as the first in this series, suggesting answers to key Questions which explore the linkages between different aspects ofhealth and human rights. I hope this Q & Awill provide guidance to a broad audience interested in the relationship between Health and human rights. Gro Harlem BrundtlandGenevaJuly 2002 Foreword WHO525 Questions & Answers on Health and Human RightsAbbreviations and Acronyms6 Section 1: Health and Human Rights Norms and are human rights? are human rights enshrined in international law?

6 Is the link between Health and human rights? is meant by the right to Health ? does the principle of freedom from discrimination relate to Health ? international human rights instruments set out governmental commitments? international monitoring mechanisms exist for human rights? can poor countries with resource limitations be held to the same human rights standards as rich countries? there, under human rights law, an obligation of international cooperation? are governmental human rights obligations in relation to other actors in society?15 Section 2: Integrating Human Rights in is meant by a rights-based approach to Health ? is the value-added of human rights in public Health ? happens if the protection of public Health necessitates the restriction of certain human rights? implications could human rights have for evidence-based Health information?

7 Can human rights support work to strengthen Health systems? is the relationship between Health legislation and human rights law? do human rights apply to situational analyses of Health in countries?21 Section 3: Health and Human Rights in a Broader do ethics relate to human rights? do human rights principles relate to equity? do Health and human rights principles apply to poverty reduction? does globalization affect the promotion and protection of human rights? does international human rights law influence international trade law? is meant by a rights-based approach to development? do human rights law, refugee law and humanitarian law interact with the provision of Health assistance? does human rights relate to Health development work in countries?28 Annex I: Legal Instruments29 Annex II: United Nations Human Rights Organizational Structure32 Table of Contents6 ACCA dministrative Committee on CoordinationCATC onvention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984)CCAC ommon Country AssessmentCCPOQC onsultative Committee on Programme and Operational QuestionsCDFC omprehensive Development FrameworkCEDAWC onvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women(1979)CERDI nternational Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination(1963) CRCC onvention on the Rights of the Child (1989)ECOSOCE conomic and Social CouncilIACHRI nter-American Commission on Human RightsICCPRI nternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and its two Protocols(1966 and 1989)ICESCRI nternational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)

8 ILOI nternational Labour OrganisationIMFI nternational Monetary FundNGON ongovernmental OrganizationOHCHRU nited Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human RightsPAHOPan American Health OrganizationPRSPP overty Reduction Strategy PaperUNUnited NationsTRIPST rade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property RightsUDHRU niversal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)UNDPU nited Nations Development ProgrammeUNDAFU nited Nations Development Assistance FrameworkUNGASSU nited Nations General Assembly Special SessionUNICEFU nited Nations Children s FundWANAHRW orld Alliance for Nutrition and Human RightsWHOW orld Health OrganizationWTOW orld Trade OrganizationAbbreviations and Acronyms725 Questions & Answers on Health and Human are humanrights?Human rights are legally guaranteed byhuman rights law, protecting individuals andgroups against actions that interfere with fun-damental freedoms and human dignity.

9 (3)Theyencompass what are known as civil, cultural,economic, political and social rights. Humanrights are principally concerned with the rela-tionship between the individual and the obligations with regard tohuman rights broadly fall under the principlesof respect, protect and fulfil.(4) All human rights are universal, indivisi-ble and interdependent and international community must treathuman rights globally in a fair and equalmanner, on the same footing, and with thesame emphasis. While the significance ofnational and regional particularities andvarious historical, cultural and religiousbackgrounds must be borne in mind, it isthe duty of States, regardless of their polit-ical, economic and cultural systems, topromote and protect all human rights andfundamental freedoms. Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted at the World Conference on Human Rights.

10 (5) are humanrights enshrined in international law?In the aftermath of World War II, the internationalcommunity adopted the Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights (UDHR, 1948). However, by thetime that States were prepared to turn the provi-sions of the Declaration into binding law, the ColdWar had overshadowed and polarised humanrights into two separate categories. The Westargued that civil and political rights had priorityand that economic and social rights were mereaspirations. The Eastern bloc argued to the con-trary that rights to food, Health and educationwere paramount and civil and political rights sec-ondary. Hence two separate treaties were createdin 1966 the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the Inter-national Covenant on Civil and Political Rights(ICCPR). Since then, numerous treaties, declara-tions and other legal instruments have beenadopted, and it is these instruments that encapsu-late human rights.