3 3. Ãy¡fÇí« bg£nuhÈaK« - Textbooks Online

1 MyF 3144nt a m a 3. y f bg nuh aK k jr v bghU c fS F uhik bj kh? mt v m il L fhu . v lh tF go F mt g F t o br wh . mt m gh mYtyf F k G br wh . mtDila rnfhju f F ngU br wh . mtDila m kh v th mL czit rik wh . nkny F l bra gh o uh mtUila FL g v bd d v bghU f ngh Ftu F rikaY F ga gL J wh f ? k J F bg nuhY , ngU J F OrY , rikaY F utkh f g l bg nuh a th (LPG) v bghUshf ga gL ehnd br nw f l thfd fis vit v bghU ga gL XLgit, vit k j r ah XLgit vd tif gL J nw.

2 V bghU f fh v J bt g M wiy jU bghU f v bghU f vd gL . ijgot v bghU f gy a M LfS F K ij l jhtu fS , y FfS m f mG j dhY , bt g dhY fh yh NH ij W ijgot v bghU fshf kh sd. y f , bg nuh a , a if th M ait ijgot v bghU f v W miH f gL wd. y f bg nuh aK 145m a y f y f il F l f 1774 M M L ah Kj Kj y f njh o vL f g lJ. y f c g cy ah _ whtJ l c sJ. cy y f _ u L g F mbk fh Y , dh Y il W a M LfS F K bgu k W fhsh bra ehnd br nw vd F njitahdit: xU f zho Kfit, kz , , iyf , F f , bgu f br Kiw:eh xU f zho Kfitia 15 eh f it U f iyf kz kz iyf kz kz iyf kz mL j 15 eh f it U f mj fL j15 eh f it U f vL J bfh L m u L m Fy ms F kziy nl.

3 M js iu C nd . m iyf , F f k W bgu fis L u L thu f m gona it U nj . ( u L thu fS F wkh w ij ft nj . ( L u L m Fy ms F m kziy nl . ( L u L thu fS F m gona it U nj . (m Y s iu toa L L u L thu f m gona cyu nl . ( u L kz mL FfS ilna ijgo U cUth U gij f nl .tif jhtu f uh rj to ts U jd. tif jhtu f , k Q F ij L, m f mG j dhY , bt g dhY ijgotkhf ij wd. it mG j F g L y f ahf kh sd. y f m f ms fh g U wJ. w j jhtu f bkJthf y f ahf kh wkilj fh gdh f vd gL wJ.)))))

4 RJ y 300 a M LfS F K 100 a M LfS F K mG F w j jhtu f ghiwf , mG F y f myF 3146nt a m a y f ia : a if il f Toa fUik w f kkhd y f fh gD , iA u# , M # , ie u# , r g M at Wldhd fh g nr k fS fyitahf c y f tiff fh g rj j mo gil y f id f lthW tif gL jyh .1. : J y f c lhj Kj go 10 15% fh g c sJ. J ju Fiw jJ. jid v F nghJ m f ms if c lhF .2. id : J gG w U F . 25-35% fh g c sJ. jid v F nghJ y f ia ngh nw m f ms ifia c lh F.

5 C g F ga gL L d y f : J bk y f vd gL wJ. 45-86% fh g c sJ. J L, bjh rhiy v bghUshf ga gL wJ. rJ y f U J il F y f m f ms f jf (r g ) U F . v bghU f c s iA nuhfh g fh c s M #Dl nt id tjh v wd. v F nghJ v bghU f c s _y TWf s gLtjh m fkhd bt gM w bt ah wJ. juir y f : J fod y f vd gL wJ. ju F j y f ahd 87-97% fh g c sJ. J m fms bt g M wiy bg W sJ. y f Ru f y f bg nuh aK 147m a bra c W neh m nth njitahdit: y f , u L fodkhd M FHh f , u L ngh F FHh f , xU r v FHh , xUJis mil gh x W, UJis mil gh x W, js.

6 Br Kiw :1. u L fodkhd M FHh fis vL J bfh L, x (A) sh f g l y f id , k bwh (B) iu vL J bfh s nt L . gl fh oathW cgfuz fis mik J bfh s nt L . Kj nyrhf e whf bt g gL j nt L . bghGJ eh fh gbj d? y f ia ij J fh to j fh yh NH y f id bt g gL ij F f , y f ia ij J fh to j vd gL wJ. y f r v FHh y f th m nkh ah fiur y f jh BA1. M FHh B U J bt naW ngh F FHh t ahf xU th bt naW wJ. mjid g wit F nghJ mJ _____.

7 Bt naW th nt y f th thF .2. M FHh B mo _____ wKila goit fh nwh . j fUik w go y f jh MF .3. f jhU F nkY s fiuriy vL J t k jh id bfh L M br nghJ, mJ t k jh id _____ kh W wJ. fiur fhu g ilaJ. fiuriy EfU bghGJ beo c lh wJ. J m nkh ah fiuryhF .4. M FHh A mo _____ w go id fh nwh . go f f ahF .eh f l jJ : y f id ij J fh to F nghJ, y f th , m nkh ah fiur , f jh , f f M ait c lh wd. myF 3148nt a m a y f ia ga gL Jj eh xU eh bryt F y f cUthf M u M Lf MF.

8 MjhtJ c g ahF y f ia l eh ga gL J y f ms m f . bg nuh a gy a M LfS F K fl th j jhtu fS , y FfS , w j k ij ld. kz , f k go fsh NH g L m f goahd mG j k W bt g fhuzkhf mit bg nuh akhf kh il F l f Fit , <uh , <uh , uZah, bk nfh , mbk fh ngh w ehLf m f ms bg nuh a c g br ehLfshF . ah bg nuh akhdJ m [h , F#uh , kfhuhZouh (K ig), M uh (nfhjht , UZzh) j ehL (fh M W gLif) M a l f il wJ. fo Jis L bg nuh a vL f gL wJ. thW bgw gL fUik w utnk f rh v bz MF.]

9 F rh v bz R f j bg nuh a th , bg nuh , Or , k bz bz ca v bz , ghu bkGF ngh w Jiz bghU f bg nuh a U nj to J vL f gL wd. bg nuh a R f v gJ bg nuh a bg nuh aK a if th cUthj fl fl 300-400 a M LfS F K 50-100 a M LfS F K 1000 y f id ij J fh to F nghJ il git: 700 f f 100 m nkh ah 50 f jh 400 3 y f th 1859M M L mbk fh bg nt ah gF Kj Kj bg nuh a vL f g lJ. v L tUl fS F wF 1867M M L ah m [h k F (Makum) gF bg nuh a f l a g lJ.]

10 Y f gF bghU f ga f y f th rika v th thfm n k h a h fiur cu f jah ff jh be , t z R, eh j cU il, btobghU f jah ff f v bghUshf, v~F jah j Fiw ghdhf y f gF bghU fS mj ga fS kzY t lY v bz th y f bg nuh aK 149m a Jiz bghU f ga f ut bg nuh ath (LPG) Lf v bghUshfbg nuh thfd fS F v bghUshf k bz bz mL , b# khd v bghUshfOr fduf thfd f v bghUshfca v bz ca bghU v bghU v bz f g , iya v bghUshfghu bkGFbkGF, thr jah f Lbk bg L jah f, rhiyf nghl bg nuh a th 40-160O C bg nuh k bz bz Or ca v bz L bk v bghU v bz f rh v bz bt g gL Jiz bghU fis d fh to j fy _y bjL gnj MF.