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3 4 2 Design 82 PR Manual Dewatering Municipal …

3 4 282 PRUnited StatesEnvironmental ProtectionAgencyTechnology TransferDesignManualMunicipal EnvironmentalResearch LaboratoryCincinnati OH 45268 Dewatering MunicipalWastewater SludgesEPA-625/1-82-014 SWib'<' PROCESS Design MANUALFORDEWATERING Municipal wastewater ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYO ffice of Research and DevelopmentMunicipal Environmental Research LaboratoryOctober 1982jf LII^ARY, INTE::MATr->'AL R^FE^EMCE;i CEIiTHE *VJi<\i-t' WATER SUPPLYj AMD SAirTATiJv y,:C) f' Box 133190. 2^09 AD The Hague jij! Tel. (070) S149ii ext 141/142 |ji RN: 'S' ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYC enter For Environmental Research InformationCincinnati, Ohio 45268 NOTICEThe mention of manufacturers' names, trade names or commercial products inthis publication is for informational or illustrative purposes and does notconstitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.

Design Manual Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory ... This manual presents a critical review of municipal wastewater sludge dewatering process technology. Particular emphasis is given to the development of a procedure for the selection and design of a dewatering process.

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Transcription of 3 4 2 Design 82 PR Manual Dewatering Municipal …

1 3 4 282 PRUnited StatesEnvironmental ProtectionAgencyTechnology TransferDesignManualMunicipal EnvironmentalResearch LaboratoryCincinnati OH 45268 Dewatering MunicipalWastewater SludgesEPA-625/1-82-014 SWib'<' PROCESS Design MANUALFORDEWATERING Municipal wastewater ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYO ffice of Research and DevelopmentMunicipal Environmental Research LaboratoryOctober 1982jf LII^ARY, INTE::MATr->'AL R^FE^EMCE;i CEIiTHE *VJi<\i-t' WATER SUPPLYj AMD SAirTATiJv y,:C) f' Box 133190. 2^09 AD The Hague jij! Tel. (070) S149ii ext 141/142 |ji RN: 'S' ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYC enter For Environmental Research InformationCincinnati, Ohio 45268 NOTICEThe mention of manufacturers' names, trade names or commercial products inthis publication is for informational or illustrative purposes and does notconstitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.

2 S. EnvironmentalProtection Manual presents a critical review of Municipal wastewater sludgedewatering process technology. Particular emphasis is given to the developmentof a procedure for the selection and Design of a Dewatering in the Manual are discussions of sludge characteristics, dewateringprocesses, their performance capabilities and operational variables, chemicalconditioning, cost and energy considerations, and case-study processes discussed are basket centrifuge, low G and high G solidbowl centrifuges, belt filter press, vacuum filter, fixed volume and variablevolume recessed plate filter presses, drying bed, sludge lagoon, andgravity/low pressure were four groups of participants involved in the preparation of thismanual.

3 (1) the contractor, (2) the authors, (3) the technical directors, and(4) the technical reviewers. The contractor for this project was SCS Engineersof Long Beach, California. The Manual was written by personnel fromCulp/Wesner/Culp of Santa Ana, California. Technical direction was provided byU. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) personnel from the Office ofResearch and Development in Cincinnati, Ohio. The technical reviewers wereexperts in wastewater treatment plant sludge Dewatering and included univer-sity professors, wastewater equipment manufacturers, consultants, and govern-ment officials. Each reviewer provided an invaluable constructive critique ofthe Manual .

4 The membership of each group is listed PREPARATIONCulp/Wesner/Culp, Santa Ana, CAAuthors: Robert C. GumermanBruce E. BurrisIn-house Review: Gordon L. CulpProduction Staff: Linda McKinney, Joanne Vogelsang, Al Herron (illustrations)TECHNICAL DIRECTIONP roject Officer: Roland V. Villiers, MERL, EPA, Cincinnati, OHTechnical Directors: Joseph B. Farrell, MERL, EPA, Cincinnati, OHJames E. Smith, Jr., CERI , EPA, Cincinnati, OHTECHNICAL REVIEW1. Richard T. Moll, Sharpies-Stokes, Pennwalt Corporation, Warminster, PA2. Walter E. Garrison, Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA3. Thomas J. LeBrun, Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Carson, CA4. Albert B.

5 Pincince, Camp, Dresser and McKee, Boston, MA5. John T. Novak, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA6. Tom Komline, Komline-Sanderson, Peapack, NJ7. Paul R. Erickson, Rexnord Corporation, Milwaukee, WI8. Kenneth A. Pietila, Rexnord Corporation, Milwaukee, WI9. Stephen H. Silverman, KHD Humboldt Wedag, Atlanta, GA10. E. D. Simmons, Passavant Corporation, Birmingham, AL11. Denis Lussier, CERI, EPA, Cincinnati, OH12. James F. Wheeler, OWPO, EPA, Washington, Charles F. von Dreusche, Jr., Nichols Engineering & Research Corporation,Belle Mead, NJ14. David DiGregorio, Envirotech, Salt Lake City, UT15. Bala Krishnan, OEET, EPA, Washington, Robert Bastian, OWPO, EPA, Washington, Alan F.

6 Cassel, Water Pollution Control Division, Arlington, VA18. Glenn Reierstad, Bird Machine Company, South Walpole, MAivCONTENTSC hapter PageABSTRACT iiiACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ivCONTENTS vLIST OF FIGURES viiiLIST OF TABLES Purpose and Scope Objectives of Dewatering Location of the Dewatering Process Guide to Intended Use References 4 SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING Introduction

7 Characteristics Affecting Dewatering References 8 Dewatering PROCESS Introduction Centrifugation Belt Press Filtration Vacuum Filtration Pressure Filtration Drying Bed Sludge Lagoon Gravity/Low Pressure Dewatering References 47 CAPABILITIES OF Dewatering Introduction Performance Capabilities of MechanicalDewatering Processes Process Operational Variables Which AffectDewatering Results Effect of Dewatering on Sludge Volume References 64 CONTENTS (continued)

8 Chapter Page5 CHEMICALS USED IN Introduction Ferric Chloride Lime Polymers Waste Pickle Liquor (Ferrous Chloride) References 726 STRATEGY FOR Dewatering PROCESS Introduction Stage 1 - Initial Screening of DewateringProcesses Stage 2 - Initial Cost Evaluation Stage 3 - Laboratory Testing Stage 4 - Field Testing Stage 5 - Final

9 Evaluation Based on DetailedDesign Parameters References 1077 COMPARATIVE COST ANALYSES OF SLUDGE TREATMENT ANDDISPOSAL Introduction Cost Comparison for One Ton Per Day SludgeHandling Systems Cost Comparison for Five Ton Per Day SludgeHandling Systems Cost Comparison for Fifty Ton Per Day SludgeHandling Systems References 1218 ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS IN Dewatering PROCESS Introduction Direct Energy Requirements for Dewatering Indirect Energy Requirements for Dewatering Total Energy Requirements for Dewatering References 128 VICONTENTS (continued)ChapterPageSUMMARY OF RECENT SIDE-BY-SIDE COMPARISONS OFDEWATERING PROCESSES AT TEN TREATMENT Introduction County Sanitation Districts of Los AngelesCounty (California)

10 County Sanitation Districts of Orange County(California) Irvine Ranch Water District (California) Metropolitan Denver Sewage Disposal DistrictNo. 1 (Colorado) Metropolitan Sanitary District of GreaterChicago (Illinois) Middlesex County Sewerage Authority(New Jersey) Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District(Wisconsin) Nassau County (New York) San Jose-Santa Clara Water PollutionControl Plant (California) Blue Plains wastewater Treatment Plant(District of Columbia)


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