บทที่ 3 หน่วยทางเคมี

1 11/08/591 3 (Unit of Chemistry)1 3. 1. 2. 21. x1023 x 1023 ( Avogardo snumber ) Na x 1023 3 x 1023 K x 1023 Al x 1023 P x 1023 411/08/592no. gaw= (g) 2. 5 1 3.

2 6O2 x 1023 H2 x 1023 NaOH x 1023 C3H7OH x 1023 no. mole = (g) no. m mole = (mg) 4. (m o l e )7 5. 8 x1023 x 1023 = x 1023 = 11/08/593no. gfw= (g) 6.

3 9 1 7. 10 (Oxidation state) H3PO4 H2PO4 HNO3 gmE = (g) ( )8. 11 1 121. 2. (mole)3. 4. ( )11/08/594 131.

4 (Au) (Ag) (Cu) 2. (mole) NaOH( 40 g/mol) KHP( g/mol) 1. (Molarity: M) 1 .. 1 ..M = no. mole = no. mmoledm3cm3 1415 NH4Cl M 500 . NaOH M 250 . KHP (MW g/mole; %assay = ) 2 M 100 . 2. ( m o l a l i t y ) (Molalsolution)16m = n ( )Kg ( )11/08/5953.

5 (Formality, F) 1 .. (Formal solution)F = 17 4. (Normality, N)N = no. gE = no. mgE dm3 1 .. 1 ..cm31819 H2SO4(MW ..g/mole) N 500 . HNO3(MW ..g/mole) N 250 . H3PO4(MW ..g/mole) N 1000 . 5. (Percentage concentration) weight percent (w/w) = wt.

6 Of solute x 100wt. of solution 3 volume percent (v/v) = volume of solute x 100volumeof weightvolume percent (w/v) = wt. of solute x 100volumeof solution2011/08/596M = 10xP(w/v) = 10xP(w/w) = 10xP(v/v)DMW. d = D = 2122 (1) HNO3 ; g/mole, d = g/ml, 68% (2) HCl; g/mole, d = g/ml, 38% (3) H2SO4 ; g/mole, d = g/ml, 98% 23 (Ca2+) M Ca(NO3)2 g/molAW. Ca = N = O = (Ba2+) M BaCl2 g/mol (parts per million)ppm = wt.

7 Of solute x 106wt. of solution (ppm)ppb = wt. of solute x 109wt. of solution24= mg/L= g/L11/08/59725 ppm : mg 1 L 25 ppm : ..mg 1 L 100 ppm : .. mg 100ml 15 ppm : ..mg 250 ml26 5 ppb : 5 g 1 L 3 ppb : .. g 500 mL 200 ppb : .. g 100ml 5 ppb : .. g 250 ml 271.

8 Molar (M) = mLMWgLmole1000 2. Formality (F) = LfwgLgfw 3. Normality (N) = LoxidationMWgLgE 284. %(w/w), %(w/v), %(v/v) 5. ppm= LmgLg310 6. ppb = Lg Lg610 11/08/598 p function pH log [concentration]pX= -log[ X ]pH = -log[ H+]pOH= -log[ OH-]29 p function x 10-6M NaCl x 10-8M HClpH = -log[ H+] = -log ( x 10-8)= 8 = -log[ Na+] = -log ( x 10-6)= 6 = #30 Cl- p function[ Cl-]= x 10-6M + x 10-8M = ..MpCl= -log[ Cl-] = -log ( ..)=.

9 #31 3 (Unit of Chemistry)