第4回「ペスト」－中世ヨーロッパを揺るがせた大災禍

1 36 56 2 2010 .. 4 .. Shigetaka KATOW.. ? .. 2 . 1.. 1595 . 1592 .. 1592 1594 . 250 1347 1353 . 3 . 1 .. 1.. 1947 . 1. Yersinia pestis 1 . Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 1500 2 . 2.. 1 .. 1 %82%B9%E3%83%88%E8%8F%8C. 2 Achtman, M. et al. Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96, 14043 -14048 1999 . RIKEN. Center of Research Network for Infectious Diseases 0100 - 0006 1 - 7 - 1 (Yurakucho-Denki Bldg. North 7th fl.,1-7-1 Yuraku-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo). 7 . 12 . 37. 5. sylla cheopis 3 .. 6.. 7.. 3. Rattus rattus 2 .. 8. 10% . 4.. Xenop- . 8. Sabbath . Sabbatosis .. 6 7 .. 7 . 3300 . 1 .. 2 3 . 3 BB%E5%83%8F%EF%BC%BD/00072245000201/.

2 4 341-348, 2002 . 5 , 18 8 1995 . 6 226 -228, 2004 . 7 8 JL 1990 . 13 . 38. 5,000 1 . 10. Fravius Josephus 37 95 4 . 9.. 10. 3 .. Antiqua 541 . Medievalis 14 547 . Orientalis 1855 664 672 679 683 .. 1. 3.. Orientalis . 2 . 2. 1 .. 11 14 2 . 541 . 527 565 1032 . 1095 . 2 1 1096 1099 .. 2 1147 . 542 3 1191 . 476 . 547 567 14 .. 60 . 10.. 1241 .. 1243 .. 1258 .. 1333 . 1334 .. 4 . 9 . 10 J 1985 . 14 . 39. 1347 10 1347 1350. 1348 1351. 1349 1351 . 1349 .. 1755 1763 .. 1340 .. 5 . 6 . 4. 5 2 . 1348 1377 1399 . 14 3 .. 8,500 1/3 . 2/3 2,000 3,000 . 6 . 1 6 . 1 4 2/3 . 3/4 . 11, 12. 2,000 . 5 . 3 . 2 . 1066 .. 1250 1517 .. 7.. 3 . 1349 . 11 12 15 . 40. 1 .. 1727 Rattus norvegicus . 40 . 1377 . quarantine 200 20.

3 Quarantena quaranta . giorni 40 .. 40 . 8.. 30 . 40 .. 250 1629 10 .. 1630. 3 . 1.. 13.. 1 3,500 . 1/3 . 40 . 14 15. 6 7 . Michael Wolgemut 1493 . 6 7 .. 13 . ~hqanimal/ 14 15 16 . 41.. 7 .. 16.. 8 . 1348 . 1415 .. 1 1431 . 2 95 . 3 1517 . 1 .. 16. 8 .. 1594 .. 1543 .. 2 . 1349 . 6 1342 1352 .. 3 .. 10 deka hemerai . 1348 1923 .. 3 7 10 . 10 10 100 . 1349 1351 .. 2 . 16 . 17 . 42.. 12,000 Querhameln . 8. 1348 .. 17.. 14.. 1559.. 600 . 2000 .. 2.. 17 . 300 .. 2 . 1284 .. 7. 130 .. 17 9B%E5%90%B9%E3%81%8D%E7%94%B7. 18 . 43.. 1907 131. 1903. 2009 1921 1,000 .. 5.. 1899 32 .. 23 5 . 3.. 1592 1593 . 17 18 . 1663 1664 27 . 1665 7 2,905 2,420 . Great Plague of London . A Journal of . the Plague Year 1722.

4 1720 Great Plague of . Marseille 1926 . 6. 1799 .. 18. 9 1899 .. 542 .. 19 .. 4. 3 . 1855 .. 1894 .. 1894 . 150 2003 . 8 10 . 9 . 18 150 2003 . 19 . 44. 22 .. 2 . 1944 .. 1.. 1 . 1894 . 19. 3 3 .. 2.. Alexandre EJ Yersin . 20.. 6 15 6 20 2 5 .. 14.. Nhatrang .. Pasteurella pestis 1944 . Yersinia pestis . Kitasato . Yersin . 2 1 . 50 70% . 19. Lancet 2 .. 20.. 2 .. 14. 6 . Black death 1823 . 1899 der schwarze Tod . 21.. Pest . plague bubonic plague .. 19 Kitasato, S : The plague at Hong Kong. Lancet 2, 325, 1894 Kitasato, S : The Bacillus of bubonic plague. Lancet 2, 428 -430, 1894 . 20 Yersin, A : La peste buboniquea Hong-Kong. Ann. Inst. Pasteur. 8, 662-667, 1894 . 21 Bible, D. J., Chen, : Diagnosis of plague : an analysis of the Yesrsin=Kitasato controversy.

5 Bacteriol. Rev. 40, 633 -651, 1976 .. 2807, 63-67 2809, 71-71, 1978 . 22 Howard-Jones N 1973 . Was Shibasaburo Kitasato the discoverer of the plague bacillus ? . Perspect Biol Med 16 2 : 292-307. PMID 4570035. 20 . 45. Waldemar Haffkine 1860 1930 .. 1899 .. 2 3 . 100% 1910 1911 FDA . 6 . 1.. 1.. 2004 Christopher Duncan Susan Scott .. Return of the Plague Wiley .. 20 30 . 5 1 . 8. 6 50% .. 1894 . 20.. 3 . 1897 .. 23. 14 . DNA .. 70% . 23 Ogata, M : Ueber die Pestepidemie in Formosa. Centralbl. Bakteriol. Abt. I. Orig. 21 : 769-777, 1897 . 21 . 46. 25. 100% . 1994 . 7. HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS .. 1932 1945 .. 2.. 1941 731 . 1910 . 1940 . major public health problem .. WHO . 1991 . 1997 5,419 274 . 6.. 1998 2008 23,278 1925.

6 11 95% 1970. 24.. 2 2010 . 11. 10 1970 1998 24 2009 9 . CDC. Countries reported plague, 1970-1998. Regions where plague occurs in animals. 10 World Distribution of Plague, 1998. 24 25 22 . 47. Malcom J Casad- . 26. aban .. 1.. 1453 .. 14 .. 14 .. 1783 3 6 .. 14 1 2 .. 3 .. 1784 4 . 5 . 1784 5 140. 3 , 0 0 0 .. 27. 1666 1 .. 14 . 26 U. of C. researcher dies after exposure to plague bacteria. 27 htm 23 . 48.. 6 14 .. 2500 .. 50 . 24.