第6章 動植物に及ぼす放射線影響 - scj.go.jp

1 204 1970 1 [ ].

2 100% Acute lethal dose [ ] Gy Viruses Molluscs Bacteria Moss, lichen algae Insects Crustaceans Reptiles Amphibians Fish Higher plants Birds Mammals 205 Sparrow [ ].

3 5 60 Minor effects Intermediate effects severe effects [ ] Moss-lichen Grassland Tropical rain forest Old fields Shrubs Deciduous forest Soil invertebrates Rodents Coniferous forest 206 [ ] DNA DNA 2 1 [ ]

4 3Gy 2 [ ]

5 207 a 10mGy/d b 1mGy/d FASSET Framework for the Assessment of Environmental Impact EPIC Environmental Protection from Ionising Contaminants in the Arctic EC [ ] mGy/h ( mGy/d)

6 1 mGy/h 24 mGy/d mGy/d [ ] EPIC 10-5Gy/d 1 Gy/d [ ] EPIC X 3 -1 mGy/d 1 208 3 5 2 Gy Sv Gy 3 20 20

7 [ ] 20 99Mo 99 132Te/132I 132/ 132 133Xe 133 131I 131 140Ba/140La 140/ 140 4 : 1986 4 26 R/h= 10 mGy/h= Gy/d [ ] PRIPYAT TOWN OF PRIPYAT REACTOR COOLING POND 209 20Gy/d 20 30 1986 10

8 : [T. Hilton 1991 ] 210 80 3 95 [ ] 10 7 GBq/m2 1 130 [ ] CEZ 26 1 96 15 1 2 3 Gy [ ] 1 137Cs 137 137Cs 137Cs CEZ 4 4

9 [ , ] [ ] 211 CEZ GBq/m2 [ ] 1986 8 300 mGy/d [ ] 1986 1987 40 [ ] 2 km 5 20Gy/d [ ] 80Gy [ ] 2 3 1986 5km 7km Tikhomirov and Shcheglov [ ] Arkhipov [ ] Pinus silvestris 1Gy 2Gy CEZ 1 Gy [ ] 205 260 kBq/kg 1987 10 mGy/h Gy [ ]

10 A a kBq/kg 144Ce 106Ru 95Zr 95Nb 134Cs 137Cs km mGy/h 126 Gy 13400 4100 800 1500 1500 4100 km mGy/h 5 Gy 150 60 8 15 17 72 km mGy/h Gy a 1m 212 [ ] a a 4km2 > 80-100 Gy > 4 mGy/h > 100 Gy 38km2 10-20 Gy 2-4 mGy/h 50-100 Gy 120km2 4-5 Gy mGy/h 20-50 Gy Gy < mGy/h < 10 Gy a 1m 90 10 1987 [ ]