69-07 ビオトープの自然環境 ... - obayashi.co.jp

1 2005 1 Environmental Improvement Functions of Biotope Wildlife Habitat ,RainWater Outflow Control and Water Purification Manabu Terai Hirokazu Tsuji Hideo Sugimoto Hidetaka Komiya Abstract Dragonfly ponds was made in the institute in 2000 as a biotope for natural environmental preservation. Three were made, each with a depth of about 50cm and an area of 40 , and with several trees around them. Four years later, we evaluated the environmental improvement functions of biotope, in relation to (1) wildlife habitat, (2) rain water outflow control, and (3) water purification. 12 kinds of dragonflies, Anas poecilorhyncha (spotbill duck), Turdus naumanni (dusky thrush), Nyctereutes procyonides (raccoon dog), etc.

2 , were observed. We thus conclude that the ecological potential has increased. Moreover, the ponds can temporarily stock rain water outflow and purify the water quality of underground water with a high nitrate density. 2000 50cm 40 4 (1) (2) (3) 12 1. (bio) (tope) 1980 1990 1)2) 2000 1) 2) 3) 2.

3 1998 99 1km Table1 16 2 50 30 50cm 10m 58m 3 1,000 2 1 Table 2 3 3 40 12 2000 5 9 30cm 10 , 61 30 80 2000 10 43 22 5 8 5 20 15 20 10 7.

4 8 II 40 2001 Fig. 1 Plan of Dragonflies Ponds and Tank of Rain Water Table 2 Specification of Three Ponds 50cm 19 61 50cm 7 50cm 19 30 Table 1 List of Dragonflies Attracting Biotope I II IIIa IIIb IIIc 3 3.

5 1998 99 5 5 15 Table 3 2002 10 29 9 27 43 33 57 Fig. 2 104 2001 2004 Table 4 12 16 10 3) 2,3km 2005 6 3 3 6 7 Table 3 Birds in the Institute Anas poecilorhyncha Streptpelia orientalis Columba livia Picus awokera Dendrocopos kizuki Hirundo rustica Motacilla alba Hypsipetes amaurotis Turdus naumanni Parus major Zosterops japonica Carduelis sinica Passer montanus Sturnus cineraceus Cyanopica cyana Corvus macrorhynchos Corvus corone Table 4 Dragonflies in

6 The Biotope Ischnura asiatica Brauer Anaciaeschna martini (Slys) Anax parthenope juliusBrauer Anax nigrofasciatusnigrofasciatus Oguma Orthetrum albistylumspeciosum (Uhler) Orthetrum triangularemelania (Selys) Crocothemis serviliamariannae Kiauta Sympetrum frequens (Selys) Sympetrum kunckeli (Selys) Sympetrum infuscatum(Selys) Sympetrum bacchamatutinum Ris Pantala flavescens(Fabricius) 0102030405060 Fig. 2 2002 Species Number of Insects in 2002 4 4. 2 1 10mm 80 80 14day 95 1 4 1000 1000 20mm 2005 4 1 6 12 4 4 5 30 5 31 26mm 6 4 Photo 4 Eco-Stuck and Larva of Beetle Photo 1 Nyctereutes procyonoides (Raccoon Dog) FPhoto 3 Japonica saepestriata Photo 2 Paguma larvata (Masked Palm-civet)

7 051015202530354045504/14/64/114/164/214/ 265/15/65/115/165/215/265/316/56/10 mm0102030405060708090 cm Fig. 3 Precipitation and Water Level of Rain Tank 5 5. 1 Fig. 4 2 2004 80 C Fig. 5 20kg 40 / 2003 32 2004 97kg 2004 8 9 11 25 L Table 5 Table 6 Fig.

8 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Table 6 9 23 (1) (5) (5) /day 1g/ /day Jan-01 Apr-01 Jul-01 Oct-01 Jan-02mg/l NO3-NNO2-NNH4-NFig. 4 ( ) Nitrogen Concentration in the Pond C 01020304050607080901002001 2001B2001C2002 2002B2002C2003 2003B2003C2004 2004B2004C kg etc Fig. 5 Dry Weight of Aquatic Plants in the Biotope Table 5 Underground Water Quality 28mS/mSS0mg/LCOD< 10mg/LNO3--N9 10mg/LNO2--N< +-N< < < Table 6 Cases of Inflow Volume and Nitrogen Load m3/day g/ /day(1) 8/9 8 (2) 8/18 8 (3) 8/24 8 (4) 9/1 9 (5) 9/8 9 (6) 9/17 10 (7) 10/8 10 (8) 10/23 10 (9) 10/30 11 (10) 11/7 11 (11) 11/18 11 6 2005 2 1085g 40 180 /day g/ /day 5) 6.

9 1) 5-16(1993) 2) 67-91(1993) 3) 17-133 (1988) 4) 39 129 (2005) 5) 24 899-909 (1988) m3/day m3/day(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11 )Fig. 6 Results of Amount of Inflow and Outflow m3/day1015202530 C (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(11)(10)Fig. 7 Settings of Inflow and Measurement Results of Water Temperature (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) g/ /day g/ /dayFig. 8 Relation between Nitrogen Loads And Amount of Nitric Removal (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 C g/ /dayFig.

10 9 Relation between Water Temperatures And Amount of Nitric Removal