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1 INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE SEA. REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS, ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS. DISPUTE CONCERNING DELIMITATION OF THE. MARITIME BOUNDARY BETWEEN ghana AND C TE. D'IVOIRE IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN. ( ghana /C TE D'IVOIRE). List of cases: No. 23. JUDGMENT. 2017. TRIBUNAL INTERNATIONAL DU DROIT DE LA MER. RECUEIL DES ARR TS, AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES. DIFF REND RELATIF LA D LIMITATION DE LA. FRONTI RE MARITIME ENTRE LE ghana ET LA C TE. D'IVOIRE DANS L'OC AN ATLANTIQUE. ( ghana /C TE D'IVOIRE). R le des affaires : No. 23. ARR T. 2018, by international tribunal for the law of the sea | doi . 63/9789004369474_001. Official citation: Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Atlantic Ocean ( ghana /C te d'Ivoire), Judgment, ITLOS Reports 2017, p. 4. ----------------- Mode officiel de citation : D limitation de la fronti re maritime dans l'oc an Atlantique ( ghana /C te d'Ivoire), arr t, TIDM Recueil 2017, p. 4. 23 SEPTEMBER 2017. JUDGMENT. DISPUTE CONCERNING DELIMITATION OF THE.

2 MARITIME BOUNDARY BETWEEN ghana AND C TE. D'IVOIRE IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN. ( ghana /C TE D'IVOIRE). DIFF REND RELATIF LA D LIMITATION DE LA. FRONTI RE MARITIME ENTRE LE ghana ET LA C TE. D'IVOIRE DANS L'OC AN ATLANTIQUE. ( ghana /C TE D'IVOIRE). 23 SEPTEMBRE 2017. ARR T. 4. INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE SEA. YEAR 2017. 23 September 2017. List of cases: No. 23. DISPUTE CONCERNING DELIMITATION OF THE. MARITIME BOUNDARY BETWEEN ghana AND C TE. D'IVOIRE IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN. ( ghana /C TE D'IVOIRE). JUDGMENT. 5. Table of Contents I. Procedural history 1 59. II. Submissions of the Parties 60 63. III. Geography 64 67. IV. Subject matter of the dispute 68 75. V. Jurisdiction of the Special Chamber 76 90. VI. Applicable law 91 99. VII. Tacit agreement 100 228. A. Legal bases for ghana 's claims 107 112. B. Oil activities 113 150. (1) Oil concessions 115 123. (2) Seismic surveys 124 129. (3) Drilling activities and the question of protest 130 136. (4) Oil concession maps 137 150.

3 C. Legislation of the Parties 151 163. D. Representation to international institutions 164 168. E. Bilateral exchanges and negotiations 169 192. F. Other maritime activities 193 197. G. Standard of proof 198 210. H. Conclusions of the Special Chamber on the existence of a tacit agreement 211 228. VIII. Estoppel 229 246. IX. Delimitation of the maritime boundary 247 540. A. Delimitation of the territorial sea 248 263. B. Delimitation of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf within 200 nm 264 481. Table of Contents 6. (1) Appropriate methodology for the delimitation 264 325. (a) Location of base points 292 302. (b) Location of base points on Jomoro 303 310. (c) Instability of the coastline 311 318. (d) Interests of neighbouring States 319 325. (2) Construction of the provisional equidistance line 326 401. (a) Charts 327 343. (b) The starting point of the maritime boundary 344 357. (c) The provisional equidistance line 358 401. Relevant coasts 361 380.

4 Relevant area 381 386. Base points 387 401. (3) Relevant circumstances 402 481. (a) In general 402 410. (b) Concavity/convexity 411 426. (c) The geography of Jomoro 427 436. (d) Location of resources 437 455. (e) Conduct of the Parties 456 479. (f) Conclusion of the Special Chamber 480 481. C. Delimitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nm 482 527. (1) Jurisdiction of the Special Chamber/. Admissibility 482 495. (2) Entitlements to a continental shelf beyond 200 nm 496 519. (3) Delimitation methodology 520 526. (4) Course of the line delimiting the continental shelf beyond 200 nm 527. D. Disproportionality test 528 538. E. Conclusion on delimitation 539 540. X. International responsibility of ghana 541 659. A. Introduction 541 544. B. Jurisdiction of the Special Chamber to decide on international responsibility of ghana 545 560. C. Violation of sovereign rights 561 595. Table of Contents 7. D. Violation of article 83 of the Convention 596 634. (1) Violation of article 83, paragraph 1, of the Convention and the customary law obligation to negotiate in good faith 597 605.

5 (2) Violation of article 83, paragraph 3, of the Convention 606 634. E. Alleged violation by ghana of the provisional measures prescribed by the Special Chamber 635 658. F. Conclusion on responsibility 659. XI. Operative clauses 660. DELIMITATION ghana / C TE D ' IVOIRE ( JUDGMENT 23 SEP 2017 ) 8. Present: Vice-President BOUGUETAIA, President of the Special Chamber;. Judges WOLFRUM, PAIK; Judges ad hoc MENSAH, ABRAHAM;. Registrar GAUTIER. In the Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between ghana and C te d'Ivoire in the Atlantic Ocean between the Republic of ghana , represented by Ms Gloria Afua Akuffo, Attorney General and Minister for Justice, as Agent;. Ms Helen Ziwu, Solicitor-General, as Co-Agent;. and Mr Daniel Alexander QC, 8 New Square, London, United Kingdom, Ms Marietta Brew Appiah-Opong, former Attorney General, Ms Clara E. Brillembourg, Foley Hoag LLP, Washington DC, United States of America, Mr Pierre Klein, Professor, Centre of International Law, Universit Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, Ms Alison Macdonald, Matrix Chambers, London, United Kingdom, Mr Paul S.

6 Reichler, Foley Hoag LLP, Washington DC, United States of America, Mr Philippe Sands QC, Professor, Matrix Chambers, London, United Kingdom, DELIMITATION ghana / C TE D ' IVOIRE ( JUDGMENT 23 SEP 2017 ) 9. Ms Anjolie Singh, Member of the Indian Bar, New Delhi, India, Mr Fui S. Tsikata, Reindorf Chambers, Accra, ghana , as Counsel and Advocates;. Ms Jane Aheto, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration, Ms Pearl Akiwumi-Siriboe, Attorney General's Department, Mr Anthony Akoto-Ampaw, Adviser to the Attorney General, Mr Godwin Djokoto, Faculty of Law, University of ghana , Accra, ghana , Ms Vivienne Gadzekpo, Ministry of Petroleum, Mr Godfred Dame, Adviser to the Attorney General, Mr H. Kwasi Prempeh, Professor, Adviser to the Attorney General, Mr Nicholas M. Renzler, Foley Hoag LLP, Washington DC, United States of America, Ms Alejandra Torres Camprub , Foley Hoag LLP, Paris, France, as Counsel;. Mr Kwame Mfodwo, Maritime Boundaries Secretariat, Ms Azara Prempeh, ghana Maritime Authority and Ghanaian Representative to the International Maritime Organisation, London, United Kingdom, Ms Adwoa Wiafe, ghana National Petroleum Corporation, Accra, ghana , as Legal Advisers.

7 Ms Peninnah Asah Danquah, Attorney General's Department, Mr Samuel Adotey Anum, Charg d'affaires, Embassy of ghana to the Federal Republic of Germany, Berlin, Germany, DELIMITATION ghana / C TE D ' IVOIRE ( JUDGMENT 23 SEP 2017 ) 10. Mr Michael Nyaaba Assibi, Counsellor, Embassy of ghana to the Federal Republic of Germany, Berlin, Germany, Mr Sarpong, ghana National Petroleum Corporation, Accra, ghana , as Advisers;. Mr Nii Adzei-Akpor, Petroleum Commission, Mr Theo Ahwireng, Petroleum Commission, Mr Lawrence Apaalse, Ministry of Petroleum, Mr Ayaa Armah, University of ghana , Accra, ghana , Mr Michael Aryeetey, GNPC-Explorco, Accra, ghana , Mr Nana Boakye Asafu-Adjaye, former Chief Executive, ghana National Petroleum Corporation, Accra, ghana , Mr Joseph Asenso, Ministry of Finance, Mr Robin Cleverly, Marbdy Consulting Ltd, Taunton, United Kingdom, Mr Scott Edmonds, International Mapping, Ellicott City, MD, United States of America, Ms Vicky Taylor, International Mapping, Ellicott City, MD, United States of America, Mr Knut Hartmann, EOMAP GmbH & Co, Munich, Germany, Mr Daniel Koranteng, ghana National Petroleum Corporation, Accra, ghana , Mr Thomas Manu, ghana National Petroleum Corporation, Accra, ghana , Mr Kwame Ntow-Amoa, ghana National Petroleum Corporation, Accra, ghana , Mr Nana Poku, ghana National Petroleum Corporation, Accra, ghana .

8 DELIMITATION ghana / C TE D ' IVOIRE ( JUDGMENT 23 SEP 2017 ) 11. Mr Sam Topen, Petroleum Commission, as Technical Advisers;. Ms Elizabeth Glusman, Foley Hoag LLP, Washington DC, United States of America, Ms Nonyeleze Irukwu, Institut d' tudes politiques de Paris, Paris, France, Ms Nancy Lopez, Foley Hoag LLP, Washington DC, United States of America, Ms Lea Main-Klingst, Matrix Chambers, London, United Kingdom, Ms Lara Schiffrin-Sands, Institut d' tudes politiques de Paris, Paris, France, as Assistants, and the Republic of C te d'Ivoire, represented by Mr Adama Toungara, Minister, as Agent;. Mr Ibrahima Diaby, Director-General of PETROCI, as Co-Agent;. and Mr Thierry Tanoh, Minister of Petroleum, Energy and the Development of Renewable Energy, Mr Adama Kamara, Avocat, C te d'Ivoire Bar, Partner, ADKA law firm, Special Adviser to the Prime Minister, DELIMITATION ghana / C TE D ' IVOIRE ( JUDGMENT 23 SEP 2017 ) 12. Mr Michel Pitron, Avocat, Paris Bar, Partner, Gide Loyrette Nouel, France, Mr Alain Pellet, Professor of Law (emeritus), former Chairman of the International Law Commission, France, Sir Michael Wood, , Member of the International Law Commission, Member of the English Bar, United Kingdom, Ms Alina Miron, Professor of Law, Universit d'Angers, France, as Counsel and Advocates.

9 Ms Isabelle Rouche, Avocate, Paris Bar, Gide Loyrette Nouel, France, Mr Jean-S bastien Bazille, Avocat, Paris Bar, Gide Loyrette Nouel, France, Ms Lucie Bustreau, Avocate, Paris Bar, Gide Loyrette Nouel, France, Mr Jean-Baptiste Merlin, doctorate in law, Universit Paris Ouest Nanterre La D fense, France, Ms Tessa Barsac, master, Universit Paris Ouest Nanterre La D fense, France, as Counsel;. Mr L on Houadja Kacou Adom, Ambassador of C te d'Ivoire to the Federal Republic of Germany, Berlin, Germany, Mr Lucien Kouacou, Engineer in the Directorate-General of Hydrocarbons, Ms Nanssi F licit Tezai, Assistant to the Agent, as Advisers, DELIMITATION ghana / C TE D ' IVOIRE ( JUDGMENT 23 SEP 2017 ) 13. THE SPECIAL CHAMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE. LAW OF THE SEA. formed to deal with the above-mentioned case, composed as above, after deliberation, delivers the following Judgment: I. Procedural history 1. The Attorney General and Minister for Justice of the Republic of ghana (hereinafter ghana ), by letter dated 21 November 2014, transmitted to the President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (hereinafter the Tribunal ) the Notification and the Statement of the claim and grounds on which it is based (hereinafter the Notification ), dated 19 September 2014.

10 And addressed by ghana to the Republic of C te d'Ivoire (hereinafter C te d'Ivoire ), instituting arbitral proceedings under Annex VII to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereinafter the Convention ) in the dispute concerning the maritime boundary between ghana and C te d'Ivoire . 2. In its Notification, ghana seeks the following relief: 35. ghana requests that the Tribunal delimit, in accordance with the principles and rules set forth in UNCLOS and international law, the complete course of the single maritime boundary dividing all the maritime areas appertaining to ghana and to C te d'Ivoire in the Atlantic Ocean, including in the continental shelf beyond 200 M. 36. ghana further asks the Tribunal to determine the precise geograph- ical coordinates of the single maritime boundary in the Atlantic Ocean. DELIMITATION ghana / C TE D ' IVOIRE ( JUDGMENT 23 SEP 2017 ) 14. 37. ghana reserves the right to supplement and/or amend its claim and the relief sought as necessary, and to make such other requests from the arbitral tribunal as may be necessary to preserve its rights under UNCLOS.