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A HANDBOOK FOR POLICY MAKERS Career Guidance

EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATIONKNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUESTRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETKNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOEDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOEDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAKNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUETRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLSOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDEMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SEMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWSOCIAL ISSUES KNO

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Transcription of A HANDBOOK FOR POLICY MAKERS Career Guidance

1 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATIONKNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUESTRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETKNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOEDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOEDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAKNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUETRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLSOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDEMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SEMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWSOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUESTRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETKNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SEDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SDUCATION TRAINING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATION TRA0 SOCIAL ISSUES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING EDUCATION

2 KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 SOCIAL ISSUEMENT SOCIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 2010 EDUCATIONTTRAINING EDUCATION KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 201 CIAL ISSUES KNOWLEDGEUCATIOC areer Guidance OECD s books, periodicals and statistical databases are now available via , our online book is available to subscribers to the following SourceOECD themes:Education and SkillsEmploymentAsk your librarian for more details of how to access OECD books on line, or write to us at Despite many examples of good practice, large weaknesses exist in many countries national Career Guidance services, according to extensive research conducted by the OECD, and by the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training and the European Training Foundation on behalf of the European Commission. Access is limited, particularly for adults. In addition, services often focus upon immediate decisions, and fail to develop Career management skills. Training for those who provide services is frequently inappropriate, failing to reflect the full range of client needs or to take account of modern, more flexible delivery methods such as ICT.

3 Services are poorly co-ordinated between different ministries, and between governments and other stakeholders. The evidence base is too weak to provide POLICY MAKERS with useful data on outcomes, costs and benefits. These gaps stand in the way of governments attempts to implement lifelong learning, active employability and social equity joint publication by the OECD and the European Commission (staff working paper) gives POLICY MAKERS practical tools to tackle these problems. In simple, non-technical language, the publication addresses a broad range of POLICY issues that are central to the effective delivery of Career Guidance services. These include: how to widen access to Career Guidance ; ways of improving the quality of Career information; ensuring that staff qualifications meet POLICY objectives; and improving strategic leadership. This publication is essential reading for all POLICY MAKERS , especially those in education and labour, who are responsible for planning, managing and delivering Career Guidance GuidanceA HANDBOOK FOR POLICY MAKERSISBN 92-64-01519-191 2004 02 1 HANDBOOK FOR POLICY MAKERS -:HSTCQE=UVZV^\:NC-62-04-882-EN-CI SBN 92-894-8265-6-:HSTCSJ=Y]W[ZX:$BSFFS (VJEBODF ")"/%#00, '03 10-*$.

4 ",&34 ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENTTHE EUROPEAN Page 1 Monday, November 22, 2004 5:05 PM03("/*4"5*0/ '03 &$0/0.*$ $0 01&3"5*0/ "/% %&7& 1 VSTVBOU UP "SUJDMF PG UIF $POWFOUJPO TJHOFE JO 1 BSJT PO UI %FDFNCFS BOE XIJDI DBNFJOUP GPSDF PO UI 4 FQUFNCFS UIF 0 SHBOJTBUJPO GPS &DPOPNJD $P PQFSBUJPO BOE %FWFMPQNFOU$0&$% TIBMM QSPNPUF QPMJDJFT EFTJHOFE oUP BDIJFWF UIF IJHIFTU TVTUBJOBCMF FDPOPNJD HSPXUI BOE FNQMPZNFOU BOE B SJTJOH TUBOEBSE PGMJWJOH JO NFNCFS DPVOUSJFT XIJMF NBJOUBJOJOH GJOBODJBM TUBCJMJUZ BOE UIVT UP DPOUSJCVUF UP UIFEFWFMPQNFOU PG UIF XPSME FDPOPNZ oUP DPOUSJCVUF UP TPVOE FDPOPNJD FYQBOTJPO JO NFNCFS BT XFMM BT OPO NFNCFS DPVOUSJFT JO UIFQSPDFTT PG FDPOPNJD EFWFMPQNFOU BOEoUP DPOUSJCVUF UP UIF FYQBOTJPO PG XPSME USBEF PO B NVMUJMBUFSBM OPO EJTDSJNJOBUPSZ CBTJT JOB DD PSEBODF XJUI JOUFSOBUJPOBM PCMJHBUJPOT 5IF PSJHJOBM NFNCFS DPVOUSJFT PG UIF 0&$% BSF "VTUSJB #FMHJVN $BOBEB %FONBSL 'SBODF (FSNBOZ (SFFDF *DFMBOE *SFMBOE *UBMZ)))

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6 PCUBJOFE U ISPV HI UIF $PQZSJHI U $MFBSBO DF $ FO UFS $V TUPNFS 4FS WJDF 3 P T FXP P E % S JWF % B OWFST . " 64" PS $$ $ 0O MJOF XXX DPQZSJHIU DPN "MM PU IFS BQQMJDBU JPO T GPS QFSNJTTJPO UP SFQSPEVDF PS USBOTMBU F BMM PS QBS UPG U I JT CPPL TI PV ME CF N BEF U P 0 &$ % 1 V CMJD BU JPO T SV F"O ES 1BT DB M 1BS JT $ FEFY 'SBO DF Page 2 Wednesday, November 24, 2004 8:46 AMFOREWORD 3 Career Guidance : A HANDBOOK FOR POLICY MAKERS ISBN 9264015191 OECD/ EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 2004 Foreword This publication arises from major reviews of national Career Guidance policies conducted by the OECD and the European Commission during 2001-2003. Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain and the United Kingdom took part in the OECD review. The European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP) gathered data from Belgium, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Portugal and Sweden for the European Commission, and the European Training Foundation (ETF) gathered data from Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.

7 A parallel review by the World Bank was conducted in 2003 in Chile, the Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Africa and Turkey. In each country the reviews assessed how the organisation, management and delivery of Career Guidance services contribute to the implementation of lifelong learning and active labour market policies. The OECD and the European Commission co-operated in planning the reviews, used a common survey instrument (initially designed for use by the 14 countries taking part in the OECD review, and also used as the basis for the World Bank reviews), shared experts and members of review teams, and jointly commissioned expert papers to inform their assessment of key issues. This co-operation has resulted in a unique set of data on national approaches to Career Guidance services. A number of common messages emerged from the reviews about deficiencies in national Career Guidance services.

8 Many examples of good practice exist in the countries that were reviewed. Nevertheless there are major gaps between how services are organised and delivered on the one hand and some key public POLICY goals on the other. Access to services is limited, particularly for adults. Too often services fail to develop people's Career management skills, but focus upon immediate decisions. Training and qualification systems for those who provide services are often inadequate or inappropriate. Co-ordination between key ministries and stakeholders is poor. The evidence base is insufficient to allow proper steering of services by POLICY MAKERS , with inadequate data being available on costs, benefits, client characteristics or outcomes. And in delivering services insufficient use is made of ICT and other cost-effective ways to meet client needs more flexibly. This publication gives POLICY MAKERS clear, practical tools that can be used to address these problems.

9 It encompasses the major POLICY domains involved in developing a comprehensive framework for lifelong Guidance systems: meeting the Career Guidance needs of young people and of adults; widening access to Career Guidance ; improving Career information; staffing and funding Career Guidance services; and improving strategic leadership. Within each of these areas the publication: 9 Sets out the key challenges that POLICY MAKERS face in trying to improve Career Guidance services; 9 Provides examples of good practice and of effective responses to these challenges, drawing upon research conducted in 36 OECD and European countries; 9 Lists the questions that POLICY MAKERS need to ask themselves in responding to these challenges; and 9 Provides practical options that they can use in order to improve POLICY . Material for the publication was prepared by Professor Ronald Sultana of the University of Malta and Professor Tony Watts of the United Kingdom s National Institute for Careers Education and Counselling, both of whom had extensive involvement in the OECD and European Commission reviews.

10 Within the OECD preparation of the publication was supervised by Richard Sweet, and within the European Commission by staff of the Directorate General, Education and Culture. It is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD and the Director General for Education and Culture, European Commission. TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 Career Guidance : A HANDBOOK FOR POLICY MAKERS ISBN 9264015191 OECD/ EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 2004 Table of Contents Executive 6 1. 9 Section One: Improving Career Guidance for young people 2. Career education and Guidance in 12 3. Career Guidance young people at risk .. 17 4. Career services in tertiary education .. 20 Section Two: Improving Career Guidance for adults 5. Career Guidance for unemployed adults .. 23 6. Career Guidance for employed adults .. 28 7. Career Guidance for older adults .. 32 Section Three: Improving access to Career Guidance 8. Expanding access to Career Guidance 34 9.


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