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A-level Physics data and formulae - AQA

A-level Physics data and formulae For use in exams from the June 2017 Series onwards data - FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AND VALUES. Quantity Symbol Value Units speed of light in vacuo 108 m s 1. permeability of free space 0 4 10 7 H m 1. permittivity of free space 0 10 12 F m 1. magnitude of the charge of electron 10 19 C. the Planck constant 10 34 Js gravitational constant 10 11 N m2 kg 2. the Avogadro constant A 1023 mol 1. molar gas constant J K 1 mol 1. the Boltzmann constant 10 23 J K 1. the Stefan constant 10 8 W m 2 K 4. the Wien constant 10 3 mK. electron rest mass e 10 31 kg (equivalent to 10 4 u).. electron charge/mass ratio 1011 C kg 1.

A-level Physics data and formulae For use in exams from the June 2017 Series onwards Version 1.5 1

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Transcription of A-level Physics data and formulae - AQA

1 A-level Physics data and formulae For use in exams from the June 2017 Series onwards data - FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AND VALUES. Quantity Symbol Value Units speed of light in vacuo 108 m s 1. permeability of free space 0 4 10 7 H m 1. permittivity of free space 0 10 12 F m 1. magnitude of the charge of electron 10 19 C. the Planck constant 10 34 Js gravitational constant 10 11 N m2 kg 2. the Avogadro constant A 1023 mol 1. molar gas constant J K 1 mol 1. the Boltzmann constant 10 23 J K 1. the Stefan constant 10 8 W m 2 K 4. the Wien constant 10 3 mK. electron rest mass e 10 31 kg (equivalent to 10 4 u).. electron charge/mass ratio 1011 C kg 1.

2 E proton rest mass p (3) 10 27 kg (equivalent to u).. proton charge/mass ratio 107 C kg 1. p neutron rest mass n (5) 10 27 kg (equivalent to u). gravitational field strength N kg 1. acceleration due to gravity m s 2. atomic mass unit u 10 27 kg (1u is equivalent to MeV). ALGEBRAIC EQUATION GEOMETRICAL EQUATIONS. arc length = r . quadratic equation b b 2 4 ac x=. 2a circumference of circle = 2 r ASTRONOMICAL data area of circle = r2. curved surface area of = 2 rh Body Mass/kg Mean radius/m cylinder Sun 1030 108 area of sphere = 4 r2. 4. Earth 1024 106 volume of sphere = r3. 3. Version 1. Particle Physics Waves Class Name Symbol Rest energy/MeV 1.

3 Wave speed = period =.. photon photon 0. lepton neutrino ve first 1 . 0 = . harmonic 2 . v 0. fringe diffraction electron e spacing = grating sin = .. muon refractive index of a substance s, = .. s mesons meson for two different substances of refractive indices n1 and n2, 0. law of refraction 1 sin 1 = 2 sin 2.. K meson K critical angle sin c =. 2. for 1 > 2. 1. 0. K baryons proton p Mechanics neutron n moments moment = . velocity and . Properties of quarks acceleration = =.. antiquarks have opposite signs equations of + . = + = . Baryon motion 2. Type Charge Strangeness number 2. 2 = 2 + 2 = +. 2. 2 1. u + e + 0 force =.

4 3 3. ( ). 1 1 force =. d e + 0 . 3 3. impulse = ( ). 1 1. s e + 1 work, energy = cos . 3 3 and power 1. k = 2 p = . 2. Properties of Leptons . = , = .. Lepton number . Particles: e , e ; , +1 =.. Antiparticles: e+ , e , + , 1. Materials . Photons and energy levels density = Hooke's law = .. photon energy = = tensile stress =.. Young modulus =. photoelectricity = + k (max) . tensile strain =.. energy levels = 1 2. 1. energy stored = 2 . de Broglie wavelength = =.. 2 Version AQA A-level Physics data AND formulae . Electricity Gravitational fields 1 2. current and pd = = = force between two masses =. 2.. resistivity = gravitational field strength =.

5 Resistors in series T = 1 + 2 + 3 + magnitude of gravitational . field strength in a radial field =. 2. 1 1 1 1. resistors in parallel = + + + work done = . T 1 2 3.. gravitational potential = . 2 .. power = = 2 =.. = .. emf = = ( + ).. Electric fields and capacitors Circular motion force between two 1 1 2. =. magnitude of point charges 4 0 2. =. angular speed force on a charge = . = 2 . field strength for a =. 2 uniform field . centripetal acceleration = = 2 . work done = . 2. centripetal force = = 2 . field strength for a 1 . radial field =. Simple harmonic motion 4 0 2. 1 . acceleration = 2 electric potential =. 4 0.

6 Displacement = cos ( ) . field strength =. speed = ( 2 2) .. maximum speed max = capacitance =.. maximum acceleration max = 2. 0 r =. for a mass-spring system . = 2 . capacitor energy 1 1 1 2. stored = = 2 =. 2 2 2 . for a simple pendulum = 2 capacitor charging . = 0 (1 e ). Thermal Physics decay of charge = 0 e .. energy to change time constant . = . temperature energy to change = . state gas law = . = . 1. kinetic theory model = ( rms )2. 3. kinetic energy of gas 1 3 3 . ( rms )2 = =. molecule 2 2 2 A. Version 3. Magnetic fields OPTIONS. force on a current = . Astrophysics force on a moving charge = . magnetic flux Ф = 1 astronomical unit = 1011 m magnetic flux linkage Ф = cos 1 light year = 1015 m Ф 1 parsec = 105 AU = 1016 m magnitude of induced emf =.

7 = ly Ф = cos Hubble constant, = 65 km s 1 Mpc 1. emf induced in a rotating coil = sin t . =. 0 0 . alternating current rms = rms =. 2 2 telescope in normal 0. =. s s adjustment e transformer equations =. p p . Rayleigh criterion . s s . efficiency = . p p magnitude equation = 5 log 10. Nuclear Physics Wien's law max = 10 3 m K. Stefan's law = 4. inverse square law for radiation =. 2. 2GM. Schwarzschild radius s . radioactive decay = , = o e . c2.. activity = . Doppler shift for v << c = =.. ln 2. half-life = . red shift = .. nuclear radius = 0 1/3 Hubble's law = . energy-mass equation = 2. Medical Physics 1. lens equations =.

8 =.. 1 1 1. = +.. threshold of hearing 0 = 10 12 W m 2.. intensity level = 10 log 0. absorption = 0 .. m =.. ultrasound imaging = . r 2 1 2. = . i 2 + 1. 1 1 1. half-lives = +. E B P. 4 Version AQA A-level Physics data AND formulae . Engineering Physics Turning points in Physics moment of inertia = 2 . electrons in fields =. 1 2 . angular kinetic energy = . 2 = . equations of angular . =. motion 2 = 1 + . 2 = . 2 2 = 1 2 + 2 .. 2 Millikan's experiment = .. = 1 +. 2 = 6 . ( 1 + 2 ) . = 1. 2 Maxwell's formula =. 0 0. torque = . = . = =. 2 . angular momentum = . 0. angular impulse = ( ) special relativity =. 2. work done = 1 2.

9 Power = . thermodynamics = + 2. = 0 1 . = 2. adiabatic change = constant 0 2. = 2 =. 2. isothermal change = constant 1 2.. heat engines H C. efficiency = = Electronics H H. maximum theoretical H C resonant frequency 1. 0 =. efficiency = H 2 . work done per cycle = area of loop Q-factor 0. =. B. input power = calorific value fuel flow rate operational amplifiers: indicated power = ( ) out = OL ( + ). open loop ( ). ( ) inverting amplifier out f = . in in output or brake power = . non-inverting amplifier out f friction power = =1+. in l heat pumps and refrigerators summing amplifier 1 2 3. out = f + + + . C C 1 2 3. refrigerator: ref = =.

10 H C difference amplifier f out = ( + ). H H l heat pump: hp = =. H C. Bandwidth requirement: for AM = 2 M. for FM = 2( + M ). Version 5. 6 Version AQA A-level Physics data AND formulae . Version 7. 8 Copyright 2017 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. Versio


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