A Medical Terminology - Jones & Bartlett Learning

1 Medical TerminologyAPPENDIXAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEENNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXA 6 Medical Terminology It is critical that you have a strong working knowledge of Medical Terminology . The language of medicine is primarily derived from Greek and Latin. Medical Terminology is used in international language, and it is also necessary for communicating with other Medical personnel. The wider your vocabulary base, the more competent you seem to the rest of the Medical community and the better the patient care you will be able to provide.

2 Under-standing Terminology involves breaking words down into their separate components of prefi x, suffi x, and root word and having a good working knowledge of those parts. 6 Prefi xes A prefi x appears at the beginning of a word and generally describes location and intensity. Prefi xes are frequently found in general language (ie, autopilot, submarine, tricycle), as well as in Medical and scientifi c Terminology . When a Medical word (ven-tilation) contains a prefi x (hyper), the meaning of the word is altered (hyperventilation). Not all Medical terms have prefi xes. By Learning to recognize a few of the more commonly used Medical prefi xes, you can fi gure out the meanings of terms that may not be immediately familiar to you.

3 Lists common prefi xes. 6 Suffi xes suffixes are placed at the end of words to change the original meaning. In Medical Terminology , a suffix usually indi-cates a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech. A commonly used suffix is -itis, which means inflammation. When this suffix is paired with the prefix arthro-, meaning joint, the resulting word is arthritis, an inflammation of the joints. Sometimes it is necessary to change the last let-ter or letters of the root word or prefix when a suffix is added to make pronunciation easier. lists common suffixes . 6 root Words The main part or stem of a word is called a root word. A root word conveys the essential meaning of the word and frequently indicates a body part.

4 With a combining form, the root word and a combining vowel such as i, e, o, or a may be combined with another root word, a prefi x, or a suffi x to describe a particular structure or condition. A frequently used term in EMS is CPR, which stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. When we break it down, cardio is a root word meaning heart, and pulmonary is a root word meaning lungs. By performing CPR we introduce air into the lungs and circulate blood by compressing the heart to resusci-tate the patient. Some root words may also be used as prefi xes or suffi xes; those already appear in the earlier tables. lists common root words. 6 Abbreviations Abbreviations take the place of words to shorten notes or doc-umentation.

5 When you are using abbreviations in patient care reports, remember to use only standard, accepted abbreviations to avoid confusion and errors. lists commonly used abbreviations. This list is intended to help you decipher docu-ments written by other health care professionals. Before using any abbreviations in your own reports, you should be familiar with accepted use of abbreviations in your local jurisdiction or service area. National EMS Education Standard Competencies Medical Terminology Uses foundational anatomical and Medical terms and abbreviations in written and oral communication with colleagues and other health care professionals. 140412/20/10 6:26 PM12/20/10 6.

6 26 PMAppendix A Medical Terminology1405 continuesPrefi xMeaningPrefi xMeaningPrefi xMeaninga-without, lack ofcyst(o)-pertaining to the bladder or any fl uid-containing sacinter-betweenab-away fromcyt(o)-pertaining to a cellintra-withinabdomi(n)-abdomende-down fromiso-equalacr(o)-pertaining to an extremitydermat(o)-pertaining to the skinlatero-sidead-to, towarddi-twice, doubleleuk(o)-pertaining to anything white or to leukocytes (white blood cells)aden(o)-pertaining to a glanddia-through, completelylith(o)-pertaining to a stonean-without, lack ofdys-diffi cult, painful, abnormalmacro-largeana-up, back, againect(o)-out frommal-bad or abnormalangio-vesselelectro-pertaining to electricitymedi-middleante-before, forwardend(o)-withinmega-largeanti-again st, opposed toenter(o)-pertaining to the intestinesmelan-blackarteri(o)-arteryepi -upon, onmening(o)-pertaining to a membrane, particularly the meningesarthro-pertaining to a jointerythr(o)-pertaining to anything red or to erythrocytes (red blood cells)micro-smallauto-selfeu-easy, good, normalmono-onebi-twoex(o)-outsidemyel(o) -pertaining to the spinal cord, the bone marrow, or myelinbi(o)-pertaining to lifeextra-outside, in additionmy(o)-pertaining to muscleblast(o)-germ or cellgastr(o)-pertaining to the stomachnas(o)-pertaining to the noseblephar(o)

7 -pertaining to an eyelidglyc(o)-sugarne(o)-newbrady-slowgy nec(o)-pertaining to females or the female reproductive organsnephr(o)-pertaining to the kidneycalc-stone; also heelhemat(o)-pertaining to bloodneur(o)-pertaining to a nerve or the nervous systemcardi(o)-pertaining to the hearthemi-halfnoct-nightcephal(o)-pertai ning to the headhem(o)-pertaining to bloodolig(o)-little, defi cientcerebr(o)-pertaining to the cerebrum, a part of the brainhepat(o)-pertaining to the liveroophor(o)-pertaining to the ovarycervic(o)-pertaining to the neck or the uterine cervixheter-other, differentophthalm(o)-pertaining to the eyechole-pertaining to bilehom-same or likeorchid(o)-pertaining to the testicleschondr(o)-pertaining to cartilagehydr(o)-waterorchi(o)

8 -pertaining to the testiclescircum-around, abouthyper-over, excessiveoro-pertaining to the mouthcontra-against, oppositehypo-under, defi cientortho-straight or normalcost(o)-pertaining to a ribhyster(o)-pertaining to the uterusoste(o)-pertaining to bonecyan(o)-blueinfra-belowot(o)-pertain ing to the earTable A-1 Common Prefi 140512/20/10 6:26 PM12/20/10 6:26 PM1406 Appendix A Medical TerminologyTable A-1 Common Prefi xes, continuedPrefi xMeaningPrefi xMeaningPrefi xMeaningpara-by the side ofpseud(o)-falsesemi-half or partialpath(o)-pertaining to diseasepsych(o)-pertaining to the mindsub-under, moderatelyper-throughpulm(o)-pertaining to the lungsuper-above, excessive, or more than normalperi-aroundpur-pertaining to pussupra-abovephag(o)-pertaining to eating, ingesting, or engulfi ngpyel(o)-pertaining to the kidney or pelvistachy-fastpharyng(o)-pertaining to the throat, or pharynxpy(o)-pertaining to pustherm-pertaining to temperaturephleb(o)-pertaining to a veinquadr(i)-fourthorac(o)-pertaining to the chestpneum(o)

9 -pertaining to respiration, the lungs, or airquar-fourtrans-acrosspoly-manyquat-fo urtri-threepost-after, behindretr(o)-backward or behinduni-onepre-beforerhin(o)-pertainin g to the nosevas(o)-vesselpro-before, in front ofsalping(o)-pertaining to a tubeproct(o)-pertaining to the rectumscler(o)-hard; also means pertaining to the scleraSuffi xMeaningSuffi xMeaningSuffi xMeaning-algiapertaining to pain-emiapertaining to the presence of a substance in the blood-ologyscience of-asthen(o)weakness-geniccausing-omatum or-blastimmature cell-gramrecord-osispertaining to a disease process (see also -sis)-celepertaining to a tumor or swelling-grapha record or the instrument used to create the record-ostomysurgical creation of an opening, or hole-centesispertaining to a procedure in which an organ or body cavity is punctured, often to drain excess fl uid or obtain a sample for analysis-itisinfl ammation-otomysurgical incision-cytecell-lysisdecline, disintegration, or destruction-pathydisease or a system for treating disease-ectomysurgical removal of-megalyenlargement of-phagiapertaining to eating or swallowingTable A-2 Common Suffi xes 140612/20/10 6:26 PM12/20/10 6.

10 26 PMAppendix A Medical Terminology1407 Table A-3 Common root WordsRoot WordMeaningRoot WordMeaningRoot WordMeaningacou-hearcarotidgreat arteries of the neck gest-carry, produce, congestionadip-fatcarpuswristgno-knowalb -whitecent-a fraction in the metric system; one hundredth or 100-gramsomething written or recordedalges-paincente-to puncture (a body cavity)graph-write, recordandr-malecili-eyelidhumerusthe bone in the upper armaortalarge artery exiting from the left ventricle of the heartcleid(o)-clavicleidi-separate, distinctaqua-watercubituselbowiod(o)-iod ineasphyxialack of oxygen or excess of carbon dioxide in the body that results in unconsciousnesscycl-circle or cyclelact-milkasthen-weakdigitfi nger or toelingu-tongueaudi-to hearede-swellingmen-monthbronch-windpipe -esthesi(o)-pertaining to sensation or perceptionocul-eyebucc-cheekfebr-feverov -eggbursapouch or sacfl exbendpalpateto examine by touchcallushard, thick skin.