A product of the TRADOC G–2 THE 9.0 RED TEAM HANDBOOK

1 THER ED TE A MHANDBOOKA product of the TRADOC G 2 Operational Environment ARMY S GUIDE TO MAKING BETTER DECISIONSThis publication is both available at and for registered All Partners Access Network users at DISTRIBUTION This HANDBOOK is approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. UFMCS University of Foreign Military and Cultural Studies TRADOC G-2 Intelligence Support Activity 803 Harrison Drive, Building 467, Room 315 FT Leavenworth, KS. 66027-2308 Phone Roster Director 913-684-7981 Course Information and Operations 913-684-4323/4336 Curriculum 913-684-3861 Librarian 913-785-3081 Technology / Online Info 913-684-4323 Security 913-684-4336 Fax 913-684-3887 DSN 552-xxxx UFMCS Red Teaming Central The All Partners Access Network (APAN) is an unclassified information sharing and collaboration enterprise for the United States Department of Defense (DoD).

2 Red Teaming Central is a community within APAN that enables Red Teamers to share their ideas on Red Teaming. Any military and government employee can register with APAN and join our Red Teaming Central at Class Descriptions, Scheduling, and ATRRS Enrollment All class descriptions and fiscal year scheduling information are available on UFMCS s public website: To register for a UFMCS resident course, each student must have their Command s approval and enroll through their authorized Command s Army Training Requirements and Resource System (ATRRS) Operator.

3 No individual can enroll themselves into ATRRS. The steps below will assist in finding the UFMCS Resident Courses available: 1. Go to 2. Select a Fiscal Year, , 2018 3. Select the School Code: 159 (UFMCS). 4. Click Search the ATRRS Course Catalog button 5. Select a UFMCS course from the table. Contact UFMCS Course Information and Operations for assistance (see previous page). RED team HANDBOOK | iii Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES .. vii PREFACE .. ix EDITORIAL xi CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION.

4 1 WHY DO WE RED team ? .. 2 WHAT IS RED TEAMING? .. 3 FOUR PRINCIPLES OF UFMCS .. 3 UFMCS TRAINING .. 5 THIS HANDBOOK .. 5 CHAPTER 2 - SELF-AWARENESS AND REFLECTION .. 7 SELF-AUTHORSHIP .. 9 TEMPERAMENT .. 10 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE .. 12 INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION .. 13 INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT .. 15 INTROSPECTION .. 15 SUMMARY .. 17 CHAPTER 3 - FOSTERING CULTURAL EMPATHY .. 19 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE FOR THE RED TEAMER .. 20 ETHNOCENTRISM .. 21 SOME CULTURAL DEFINITIONS .. 23 SOME CULTURAL FRAMEWORKS .. 25 iv | TRADOC G-2, UFMCS CULTURAL ANALYSIS FOR THE RED TEAMER.

5 27 FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS APPROACH .. 30 CULTURAL RELEVANCE .. 36 SUMMARY .. 36 CHAPTER 4 - APPLIED CRITICAL 43 WHAT IS APPLIED CRITICAL THINKING? .. 43 THE TIME FACTOR .. 44 TIME FOR RED TEAMING .. 46 CREATING SPACE AND TIME .. 47 SUMMARY .. 49 CHAPTER 5 - GROUPTHINK MITIGATION AND DECISION SUPPORT .. 51 GROUP DYNAMICS AND GROUPTHINK .. 51 GROUPTHINK MITIGATION .. 53 DECISION SUPPORT .. 55 SUMMARY .. 56 CHAPTER 6 - THINKING CREATIVELY .. 57 THE CREATIVE THOUGHT PROCESS .. 57 STAGE 1: PROBLEM-FINDING .. 58 STAGE 2: PREPARATION.

6 59 STAGE 3: IDEATION .. 60 STAGE 4: IDEA VERIFICATION .. 62 STAGE 5: COMMUNICATION .. 64 SUMMARY .. 66 CHAPTER 7 - RED TEAMING TOOLS, TECHNIQUES, & PRACTICES .. 69 TOOLS .. 70 A TECHNIQUE: THE IDEAL GROUP PROCESS .. 70 PRACTICES .. 70 RED team HANDBOOK | v 1-2-4-WHOLE GROUP .. 75 1 ON 1, 2 ON 2, EXCHANGE EMISSARIES .. 77 4 WAYS OF SEEING .. 79 5 WHYS .. 81 5 WILL GET YOU 25 .. 83 6 EMPATHETIC QUESTIONS .. 85 6 WORDS .. 86 ALTERNATIVE FUTURES ANALYSIS .. 87 ANALOGY SUITABILITY ANALYSIS .. 91 ANALYSIS OF COMPETING HYPOTHESES.

7 95 APPRECIATIVE INTERVIEW .. 99 ARGUMENT 102 ASSUMPTION SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS .. 105 107 BRAINSTORMING .. 109 CIRCLE OF VOICES .. 112 CIRCULAR RESPONSE .. 114 CRITICAL VARIABLES .. 116 CULTURAL PERCEPTION FRAMEWORK .. 122 DECEPTION DETECTION .. 140 DEVIL S ADVOCACY .. 142 DIVERGENCE - CONVERGENCE .. 144 DOT VOTING .. 147 FISHBOWL .. 150 FRAME AUDIT .. 153 GALLERY 154 HIGH IMPACT / LOW PROBABILITY ANALYSIS .. 157 INDICATORS OR SIGNPOSTS OF CHANGE .. 160 KEY ASSUMPTIONS CHECK .. 163 MIND MAPPING .. 166 vi | TRADOC G-2, UFMCS MY 15%.

8 168 ONION MODEL .. 169 OUTSIDE-IN THINKING .. 171 PREMORTEM ANALYSIS .. 173 PROBLEM RESTATEMENT .. 175 SHIFTING THE BURDEN .. 178 STAKEHOLDER MAPPING .. 183 STATE ELABORATE-EXEMPLIFY-ILLUSTRATE (SEE-I) .. 187 STORYTELLING .. 189 STRING OF PEARLS .. 191 S-W-O-T ANALYSIS .. 197 team A / team B ANALYSIS .. 199 THINK-WRITE-SHARE .. 201 TRIZ .. 203 TROIKA CONSULTING (AD AGENCY) .. 206 WHAT IF ANALYSIS .. 208 WHO AM I? .. 210 YES, .. 212 END NOTES .. 214 BIBLIOGRAPHY .. 218 RED team HANDBOOK | vii List of Tables and Figures TABLES TABLE PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS NEEDS AND VALUES.

9 11 TABLE ACT - GTM MATRIX .. 74 TABLE FOUR WAYS OF SEEING .. 80 TABLE ANALOGY SUITABILITY MATRIX .. 93 TABLE ANALYSIS OF COMPETING HYPOTHESIS MATRIX .. 98 TABLE CRITICAL VARIABLES (CVS) RELATED TO PMESII-PT .. 116 FIGURES FIGURE SELF-AUTHORSHIP DIAGRAM .. 10 FIGURE EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE FRAMEWORK .. 13 FIGURE THE ONION MODEL .. 28 FIGURE FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS 30 FIGURE EXAMPLES OF BIAS .. 46 FIGURE CREATIVE THOUGHT PROCESS - PROBLEM FINDING .. 58 FIGURE CREATIVE THOUGHT PROCESS - PREPARATION.

10 59 FIGURE CREATIVE THOUGHT PROCESS - IDEATION .. 61 FIGURE CREATIVE THOUGHT PROCESS - IDEA VERIFICATION .. 63 FIGURE CREATIVE THOUGHT PROCESS - IDEA COMMUNICATION . 64 FIGURE IDEAL GROUP PROCESS .. 73 FIGURE 7. 2 ALTERNATIVE FUTURES EXAMPLE .. 90 FIGURE 7. 3 ALTERNATIVE FUTURES EXAMPLE .. 90 FIGURE DIVERGE-CONVERGENCE MODEL .. 146 FIGURE GALLERY WALK .. 156 FIGURE FIGURE DIAGRAM TO PRESENT ANALYSIS .. 159 FIGURE 7. 7 KEY ASSUMPTIONS CHECK DIAGRAM .. 165 FIGURE 7. 8 MIND MAPPING .. 167 FIGURE 7. 9 THE ONION MODEL MANIFESTATION OF CULTURE.