A Review of Screening, Assessment and ... - Drugs and Alcohol

1 A Review of Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures for Drug and Alcohol Settings Written by Mark Deady For the Network of Alcohol & other Drug Agencies (NADA) as part of the Drug and Alcohol and Mental Health Information Management Project 2009. Funded by the NSW Health Department A Review of Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures for Drug and Alcohol Settings Table of Contents Abbreviations .. 5. Scope of this Review (Aims and Limitations) .. 8. 8. Introduction .. 9. Psychometric Properties .. 11. Layout of Current Review .. 12. Summary Table .. 13. Global Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures .. 20. Opiate Treatment Index (OTI) .. 20. Brief Treatment Outcome Measure (BTOM); Australian Alcohol Treatment Outcome Measure (AATOM) .. 22. Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) .. 24. The Maudsley Addiction Profile (MAP) .. 29. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) .. 31. Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) .. 35.

2 The Indigenous Risk Impact Screen (IRIS) .. 37. General Health and Functioning Measures .. 39. The Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36; SF-12).. 39. The Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) .. 43. Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF).. 45. Life Skills Profile (LSP) .. 47. Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN) .. 51. Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) .. 54. World Health Organisation Disability Assessment schedule II (WHODAS II) .. 58. 2. A Review of Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures for Drug and Alcohol Settings World Health Organisation Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQoL-BREF).. 60. General Mental Health Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures .. 62. Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10; K6) .. 62. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) .. 66. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) .. 69. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).. 71. PsyCheck .. 73. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS).

3 75. Mental Health Inventory (MHI).. 77. Behaviour and Symptom Identification Scale 32 (BASIS-32 ) .. 80. Specific Mental Health Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures .. 83. The Psychosis Screener .. 83. The Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ) .. 85. The Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD).. 86. Impact of Events Scale (IES) .. 87. The PTSD Symptom Scale Self-Report (PSS-SR) .. 90. Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ).. 93. The PTSD Checklist (PCL) .. 95. The Beck Inventories .. 97. The Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) .. 102. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) .. 104. Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ) .. 106. Positive Mental Health Outcome Measures .. 108. The Recovery Assessment Scale .. 108. Scales of Psychological Well-being (SPWB).. 110. Dispositional Hope Scale (DHS) .. 112. 3. A Review of Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures for Drug and Alcohol Settings Stages of Recovery Instrument (STORI).

4 114. Social and Emotional Wellbeing and Empowerment Tool .. 116. General Drug and Alcohol Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures .. 117. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) .. 117. CAGE / 121. Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST).. 124. Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) .. 127. T-ACE and the TWEAK .. 130. Timeline Followback Method (TLFB).. 133. Dartmouth Assessment of Lifestyle Instrument (DALI) .. 136. The Alcohol , Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).. 138. Drug and Alcohol Severity Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures .. 140. Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) .. 140. Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD).. 142. Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) .. 144. Cannabis Problems Questionnaire (CPQ) .. 146. Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) .. 147. Substance Dependence Severity Scale (SDSS) .. 149. Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) .. 151. Craving measures.

5 154. Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ) .. 154. Weiss Cocaine Craving Questionnaire .. 156. Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ) .. 158. Penn Alcohol -Craving Scale (PACS) .. 159. Conclusion .. 160. References .. 161. 4. A Review of Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures for Drug and Alcohol Settings Abbreviations Acronym Full Title AATOM(-C; -R) Australian Alcohol Treatment Outcome Measure (Clinicians; Researchers). ADHDQ Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire ADS Alcohol Dependence Scale ASI Addiction Severity Index ASSIST The Alcohol , Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test AUDIT Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test AVON Avon Mental Health Measure BAI Beck Anxiety Inventory BASIS-32 Behaviour and Symptom Identification Scale BDDQ Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire BDEPQ Benzodiazepine Dependence Questionnaire BDI Beck Depression Inventory BHS Beck Hopelessness Scale BIDQ Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire BPRS Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale BSI Brief Symptom Inventory BSSI Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation BTOM Brief Treatment Outcome Measure CABA Child and Adolescent Burden Assessment CAGE / CAGEAID Cutdown, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-Opener (Adapted to Include Drugs ).

6 CAN Camberwell Assessment of Need CAPE-BRS Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly CAPS Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale CBLC Child Behavior Check List CCQ Cocaine Craving Questionnaire CDI Children's Depression Inventory (C)GAS (Children's) Global Assessment Scale CIBIC+ Clinician's Interview Based Impression of Change Scale CIDI Composite International Diagnostic Interview ComQoL Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale CPQ Cannabis Problems Questionnaire CUDIT Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test D&A Drug and Alcohol DALI Dartmouth Assessment of Lifestyle Instrument DAS Disability Assessment schedule DASS Depression Anxiety Stress Scales DAST(-A) Drug Abuse Screening Test (Adolescent). DHS Dispositional Hope Scale 5. A Review of Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures for Drug and Alcohol Settings DSM(-III; -IV) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd; 4th Edition). DUDIT Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (CH)EAT (Children's) Eating Attitudes Test EDI Eating Disorder Inventory GAF Global Assessment of Functioning Scale GAIN Global Appraisal of Individual Needs GHQ General Health Questionnaire GWB General Wellbeing Scale HoNOS Health of a Nation Outcome Scale ICD(-9; -10) International Classification of Diseases (9th; 10th Revision).

7 ICQ Impaired Control Scale IES Impact of Events Scale IRIS Indigenous Risk Impact Screen K10 Kessler Psychological Distress Scale LDQ Leeds Dependence Questionnaire LES Life Experience Survey LOCSS Location of Community Support Scale LRI Life Regard Index LSP Life Skills Profile MAP Maudsley Addiction Profile MAT Manchester Audit Tool (b; S)MAST(-G) (Brief; Short) Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (Geriatric). MCQ Marijuana Craving Questionnaire MCS Mental Component Summary MHI Mental Health Inventory MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination MOS-SSS Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey NPV negative Predictive Value OAP Outcome Assessment Program OMP Opioid maintenance pharmacotherapy OPUS Outcome of Problems of Users of Services OTI Opiate Treatment Index PACS Penn Alcohol -Craving Scale PANAS Positive and negative affect schedule PANSS Positive and negative Syndrome Scale PC-PTSD Primary Care PTSD Screen PCL-C PTSD Checklist PCS Physical Component Summary PDS Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale PIL Purpose in Life Test 6.

8 A Review of Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures for Drug and Alcohol Settings POSIT Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers substance use/abuse scale PPV Positive Predictive Power Value PSAS Psychiatric Symptom Assessment Scale PSH Psychosocial History (M)PSS-SR (Modified) PTSD Symptom Scale Self-Report PTSD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder QoL Quality of Life Assessment RAS Recovery Assessment Scale RAFLS Resource Associated Functional Level Scale RCMAS Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale RFS Role Functioning Scale SA-45 Symptom Assessment SADD Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire SADQ(-C) Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire SANS Scale for Assessment of negative Symptoms SAS Social Adjustment Scale SBS Social Behaviour Scale SCAN Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry SCID Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. SCL-90-R Symptom Checklist-90-Revised SDQ Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire SDS Severity of Dependence Scale SDSS Substance Dependence Severity Scale SF-36; SF-12 Short-Form Health Survey SOC Sense of Coherence Scale SODQ Severity of Opiate Dependence Scale SPWB Scales of Psychological Well-being SRQ Self Reporting Questionnaire STAI (STAI-S; STAI-T) Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory STORI Stages of Recovery Instrument T-ACE Tolerance; Annoyed; Cut down; Eye Opener TLEQ Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire TLFB Timeline Followback Method TOP Treatment Outcomes Profile TSQ Trauma Screening Questionnaire TWEAK Tolerance; Worried; Eye Opener; Amnesia; (K) Cut down WHODAS World Health Organisation Disability Assessment schedule WHOQoL World Health Organisation Quality of Life YSR Youth Self Report 7.

9 A Review of Screening, Assessment and Outcome Measures for Drug and Alcohol Settings Scope of this Review (Aims and Limitations). Standardised tools cover a range of areas which may be relevant to Drug and Alcohol (D&A) services. This Review provides an overview of some useful standardised tools that can be used to measure treatment outcomes and to screen and assess for mental health symptoms and conditions, drug and Alcohol use and disorders and general functioning. Focus has been given to tools that require limited training to use and are freely available. It should be noted that some of these tools require specialist training, or else mislabelling, misinterpretation, or inappropriate use may occur (Groth-Marnat, 2003;. Roche & Pollard, 2006). Some tools are copyright protected and need to be purchased, and/or require the user to have specific qualifications. It is important that workers are aware of what they are, and are not, trained to use, and seek training where required.

10 Screening is designed only to highlight the existence of symptoms, not to diagnose clients. Most of the measures described are completed as a self-report ( , they are completed by the client). Others, however, need to be administered by a worker. It should be noted that, unfortunately, there are no brief measures with established reliability and validity for the identification of possible personality disorders. The possible presence of these disorders needs to be assessed by a health professional that is qualified and trained to do so ( , a registered or clinical psychologist, or psychiatrist). There is a general lack of a standardised approach to screening, Assessment and outcome measurement in the D&A sector. A variety of different tools are used, some of which are empirically established instruments whilst others are purpose-built, internally designed tools with increased practicality and utility but unknown validity and reliability (Roche & Pollard, 2006).