A START IN PUNJABI

1 A START IN PUNJABI (Based on comparative structures of PUNJABI and American English) HENRY A. GLEASON, JR. HARJEET SINGH GILL 2013 edition, revised by MUKHTIAR SINGH GILL PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA A START IN PUNJABI by Henry A. Gleason, jr. Harjeet Singh Gill 2013 edition, revised by MUKHTIAR SINGH GILL The Advanced Centre for the Technical Development of PUNJABI Language, Literature and Culture. PUNJABI University Patiala.

2 PREFACE A START IN PUNJABI is based on detailed analyses of sound patterns and syntactic structures of PUNJABI and American English. It may be used alongwith its companion volume, A REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF PUNJABI , where the authors have dwelt upon colloquial as well as cultivated expressions collated from contemporary literature. There is also a chapter on the Gurumukhi writing system. This book was first circulated in the United States in mimeograph form in Hartford Studies in Linguistics, 1963.

3 Harjeet Singh Gill PUNJABI University, Patiala, 1970. The 2013 edition is annotated and revised by Mukhtiar Singh Gill, Project Associate, with the active participation of Professor Gurpreet Singh Lehal, Director of the Advanced Centre for the Technical Development of PUNJABI Language, Literature and Culture, PUNJABI University, Patiala. Harjeet Singh Gill Professor of Eminence PUNJABI University, Patiala, 2013. CONTENTS Lesson one : Introduction unaspirated.

4 1 consonants high tone. Lesson two : Welcome Home vowels..10 Lesson three : Welcome Home consonants ..17 (k c t p / g j d b), r. Lesson four : Dining consonants ..23 (k c t p / kh ch th ph), PUNJABI and English v/w. Lesson five : Fruit Market single and ..32 double consonants, PUNJABI and English a/ , present/ future.

5 Lesson six : Sweets shop retroflex ..38 sounds, PUNJABI and English r/ / , feminine/ masculine, counting. Lesson seven : Market tones, counting..45 Lesson eight : Directions, hiring ..50 a rickshaw- / / / , tones, infinitive, present, future, counting in fractions. Lesson nine : Fruit Market-retroflex.

6 58 lateral, / , singular/plural, feminine/ masculine, positive/ negative. Lesson ten : Golden Temple Amritsar tones, ..63 narrative, present continuous. Lesson eleven : A Folk-Tale (of a crow and ..69 sparrow) - summary of consonants and vowels, ph/f, j/z, nasals, tones on different syllables, narrative past tense.

7 Lesson twelve : A Legend (Guru Nanak and ..77 Mardana) - narrative, different forms of past tense, instrumental constructions, case forms. Lesson thirteen : Diwali (the festival of ..83 lights) the sentence structure , narrative present tense, forms of the auxiliary. Lesson fourteen : Id (an important Muslim.)

8 88 festival) narrative present tense, verb phrases. Lesson fifteen : Lohri (the winter festival of ..97 fire) future tense, past tense. Lesson sixteen : Agriculture use of what, .. 105 where, who, why, emphatic, negative, other forms of questions. Lesson seventeen : On the Farm general.

9 112 dialogue, imperatives, pronouns. Lesson eighteen : Around the kitchen in ..119 village present, past, future commands, requests, suggestions, subordinate clauses. Lesson nineteen : Vegetable Market emphatics, ..129 intonation. Lesson twenty : Suggestions for further study..138 1 LESSON ONE DIALOGUES Dialogues in Gurmukhi ?

10 , ? , , , , ? , ? 2 Transcription of above Dialogues m s g sat sir ak l.