Active Flowline Heating Technologies as …

1 Offeringsolutions 2 valueSubsea Asia November 2015 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative FlowAssurance management TechniquesPeter BakerActive Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesContents+Flow assurance Techniques Options, Risks, Limitations+ Active Flowline Heating Technologies What is available? Summary+Advantages / Disadvantages+Technology Qualification Standards+The Future?2 Flow assurance Techniques3 ChemicalThermalHydraulicRemovalGasdehydr ationWaterremovalInsulationDirectElectri calHeatingPipe-in-pipeTraceHeatingBundle sMEGMeOHLowDoseInhibitorsSaltFluiddispla cementGas sweepDepressurisationMonophaseFlexiblesA ctive Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesFlow assurance Costs + Risks4 CostRiskThermalHydraulicMedium CAPEXLow OPEXLow riskLow CAPEXLow OPEXH igher riskHigh CAPEXHigh OPEXM edium riskRemovalChemicalsActive Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesFlow AssuranceHydrate Formation Conditions5 Temperature CPressure(bar)

2 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30250200150100500 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesFlow assurance Limitations6 Produced Pipeline+Depressurisation+Chemical Injection+DisplacementContinuous InjectionMEG / MeOHOnepassRegenerateWater SeparationHeated PipelineNomeasuresActive Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesThermal Flow AssurancePrimary use is prevention or melting of:7 HydratesWaxActive Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesAlso increases flow of viscous oilsActive Heating Technologies8 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesOpen Direct ElectricalHeatingClosed Direct ElectricalHeatingElectrical Trace HeatingElectrically HeatedBundlesRigid Pipe BundlesActive Heating Technologies9+Single heated pipe wall+Piggyback cable+Feed + return cables+Wet insulation+Open electrical system+Typical values.

3 U = 3 to 8 W/m2K Power = 125 to 300 W/m Voltage = 7 to 24 kVActive Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesOpen Direct Electrical Heating10+Pipe-in-pipe+Heated pipe walls+Feed + return cables+Insulation in annulus+Closed electrical system+Typical values: U = W/m2K Power = 18 to 65 W/m Voltage = 1 to 2 kVActive Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesClosed Direct Electrical HeatingActive Heating Technologies +Pipe-in-pipe+Multiple Heating cables+Feed cables only+Insulation in annulus+Typical values: U = to W/m2K Power = 4 to 100 W/m Voltage = 1 to 2 kV11 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesActive Heating TechnologiesElectrical Trace Heating +Flexible Flowline +Multiple Heating cables+Feed + return cables+Insulated outer sheath+Typical values.

4 U = to 1 W/m2K Power = 18 to 65 W/m Voltage = 1 to 2 kV12 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesActive Heating TechnologiesElectrically Heated Bundles+Multiple rigid pipes+Fluid Heating in annulus+Heat from topsides process+Insulated as appropriate13 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesActive Heating TechnologiesRigid Pipe Bundles14 Active Flowline Heating SummaryHeatingMethodFlowlineType of HeatingTrack RecordOperator/DesignerFluidRigid pipe bundleFluid in pipesBritannia 1998 sgard, Gullfaks SouthConocoPhillipsStatoilPipe-in-pipeFl uid in annulusKing 2001 BPFlexibleFluid in multiple steeltubesHeated risers / bundlesAker / TechnipElectricalPipe-in-pipeTrace Heating1 in operation(1 more planned)Interpipe (ITP) /TechnipPipe-in-pipeClosed Direct HeatingSerrano / Oregano 2001 Nakika /Habanero 2003 Shell / IntecseaSingle pipeOpen Direct Heating10 fields in operation2000 on (more planned)Statoil/BP/CNR/SINTEFA ctive Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesActive Flowline Heating Advantages+Cost CAPEX Neutral / positive overall Typically tens of millions $ cost for simple installation OPEX Lower (normally only used during shutdown)

5 Lower due to simplicity of operation Lower due to low intervention levels Statoil has saved 1 billion kroner ($175M) on Tyrihans15 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management Techniques+Time No impact to project design time if identified early indevelopment Reduces topsides construction time (less complexity) Subsea critical path is usually the pipeline design,manufacture and installation16 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesActive Flowline Heating Advantages+Flow assurance Predictable and reliable hydrate management methodover a large production flow range Not sensitive to water production changes andmeasurement accuracy (good for late field life)

6 Reduces the criticality of understanding aquiferchemistry Insulate and blowdown can be used as a backup Some Technologies can be used as remedial systems17 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesActive Flowline Heating Advantages+Topsides Facilities Can significantly reduce chemical usage Reduces size of topsides chemical plant Simplicity of operation compared to chemical plant Improves early field life availability Hardware has small topsides footprint and weight Uses existing capacity in power supply on shutdown(intermittent use)18 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesActive Flowline Heating Advantages+HSE Reduces waste discharges to environment and theneed to treat solid wastes Reduces need to frequently ship large volumes ofchemicals (reduced HSE impact / lower OPEX costs)

7 Lower environmental impact19 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesActive Flowline Heating Advantages+Operations/Reliability Availability Maintainability Simple to operate and needs low level of intervention Reliability / availability on demand Normally switched off when used for shutdowns Can be used continually20 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesActive Flowline Heating Advantages+Technical Risk Perceived as new technology and therefore high risk Has only been used with simple straight flowlines(any other architectural features, although feasible,will need development, testing & qualification)+Commercial Risk Many of the vendors are single or dual source(commercialisation not fully matured)

8 21 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesActive Flowline Heating DisadvantagesActive Flowline Heating Applications22 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesNew Technology Standards+ISO 20815 Production assurance and reliability management +DnV RP-A203 Qualification procedures for new technology+API RP-17N Subsea Production System Reliability and Technical RiskManagement & Integrity Management23 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesConclusion+Risk based standards Quantify risks Qualify risks Demonstrate confidence+Business Case Demonstrate positive OPEX / CAPEX Technical / Operational benefits+Successful qualification can: Enable marginal developments Improve value on existing and new developments24 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesActive Flowline Heating Future?

9 +Longer+Deeper+More complex subsea architectures+More efficient+Lower cost+Becoming a base case technology?25 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesAcknowledgements to:26 Active Flowline Heating Technologies as Alternative Flow assurance management TechniquesImages courtesy of.