ADDRESSING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE ON COLLEGE …

1 ADDRESSING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE ON COLLEGE campuses : GUIDE TO A comprehensive model . This project was supported by Grant No. 2015-TA-AX-K063 awarded by the Office on VIOLENCE Against Women, Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this publication/program/exhibition are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Justice, Office on VIOLENCE Against Women. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary II. COLLEGE campuses as Change Agents 3. 5. III. Colleges and the Problem of GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE 7. IV. Frameworks for a comprehensive model 9. a. Diffusion of Innovation Theory 9. b. The Social Ecological model 10. V. The Solution: The comprehensive Campus model 12.

2 A. Goal 1: Broad Campus and Community Engagement 12. b. Goal 2: Effective Intervention 13. c. Goal 3: The Reduction of GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE 14. VI. Purpose and Structure of this Guide 15. VII. Campus and Community Engagement 16. a. Phase 1: Planning and Preparation 20. b. Phase 2: Implementation 31. c. Phase 3: Course Correction and Sustainability 39. VIII. Intervention 45. a. Phase 1: Planning and Preparation 51. b. Phase 2: Implementation 63. c. Phase 3: Course Correction and Sustainability 68. IX. Prevention and Education 73. a. Phase 1: Planning and Preparation 75. b. Phase 2: Implementation 81. c. Phase 3: Course Correction and Sustainability 87. 2. I. Executive Summary ADDRESSING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE on COLLEGE campuses : Guide to a comprehensive model is based on the most up-to-date research and evidenced- based practices for the broad diffusion of community norms and institutional policies and practices related to intervention and prevention on campuses .

3 The survivor-centered approach that informs this model was developed through twenty years of work with campus grantees receiving financial support through the Department of Justice, Office on VIOLENCE Against Women (OVW) Grants to Reduce Sexual Assault, Domestic VIOLENCE , Dating VIOLENCE and Stalking on Campus Program (Campus Program). This guide contains ideas, structures, information, and resources that can help campuses build partner- ships to develop and adopt protocols and policies that more effectively treat various forms of gen- der- based VIOLENCE (GBV) as serious offenses; ensure survivor safety and offender accountability; and implement comprehensive and culturally relevant prevention strategies. Institutions of higher learn- ing will be equipped with the foundational knowledge necessary to build coordinated community response systems, programs, policies, and practices for effective prevention and intervention strategies that support a safe and healthy educational environment for students.

4 Theoretical Frameworks. Widespread change in the areas of intervention and prevention only occurs with widespread adap- tation. There are three theoretical frameworks identified in the guide that can help to foster broad adaptation. 1) Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation (DoI) Theory offers a framework for widespread change in which key individuals, including campus leaders, move outward into the different settings where they have influence and in turn help other individuals to share information widely, as well as change attitudes and behaviors so that a critical mass of individuals supports the change. 2) The Social Ecological model focuses on the inter-relationships among human beings and their environments. Ac- cording to the model , efforts to create widespread change have to occur within the concentric spheres of relationships, community, institutions, and society.

5 3) Finally, intersectionality calls for the pursuit of culturally relevant programs and practices that name and meaningfully consider how various identities (such as race, gender , class, sexual orientation, ability, among others) interact with each other and within the lives of individual survivors. When applied, it results in a larger, more influential impact. Program Goals. The comprehensive campus model has three overarching program goals designed to develop and strengthen comprehensive and holistic victim services, effective strategies for holding offenders accountable, and prevention education and awareness. Goal 1: Broad Campus and Community Engagement. Collaboration is central to the compre- hensive campus model and represents the primary mechanism for which innovation is spread.

6 The development of a Coordinated Community Response Team brings together a broad base of innovators and early adopters, including campus leadership, to guide institutional change. In order to ensure comprehensive programming that effectively addresses GBV, the CCR Team 1) develops and imple- ments effective policies and protocols; 2) conducts ongoing campus wide assessments, strengths and gap analyses, and evaluation of its efforts so that programs can adapt to the changing needs of its 3. community; 3) ensures leadership across the campus is engaged, knowledgeable about, and sup- ports the culture changing efforts of the project; 4) is rooted in a culturally relevant, survivor-centered approach with a clear understanding of student demographics; and 5) ensures all levels of the campus community receive ongoing training in sexual assault, domestic VIOLENCE , dating VIOLENCE and stalking.

7 Goal 2: Effective Intervention. In addition to the goal of widespread community engagement, a com- prehensive campus model focuses on creating effective interventions. Effective interventions move the campus toward fair and consistent offender accountability and include comprehensive policies that strengthen security and investigative strategies on and off campus. They also support appropriate disciplinary actions that hold offenders accountable and enhance the prosecution of GBV. This goal encompasses four elements: 1) providing survivor-centered victim services and advocacy; 2) other sup- port services; 3) ensuring a trauma-informed and effective law enforcement response; and 4) creating and maintaining fair, equitable disciplinary processes that hold offenders accountable.

8 Goal 3: The Reduction of GBV. A comprehensive campus model includes prevention and education programming that reflects a multi-tiered approach including primary prevention strategies in addition to education and awareness efforts. Research and practice indicates that effective prevention efforts involve more than one-time programming and awareness events. Prevention in the comprehensive campus model consists of: 1) incoming students receiving information about campus policies and campus and community resources; 2) prevention strategies that are comprehensive ; 3) culturally relevant; 4) multiple dosages of prevention education based on developmental readiness; 5) ongoing prevention training for faculty and staff; 6) bystander intervention strategies; and 7) communication of campus norms that state that GBV is not tolerated and everyone has a role to play in prevention.

9 Structure of the Guide. Given the breadth and depth of each of these areas, comprehensive strategies must be developed over time. Consequently, each section in the guide covering a goal includes three sequential phases: Phase 1: Planning and Preparation focuses on building a foundation for institutional change through assessment and strategic planning. Phase 2: Implementation emphasizes the implementation and coordination of services and programs. Phase 3: Course Correction and Sustainability focuses on sustaining, evaluating, and adjusting programs and services to meet your campus's evolving needs. Each phase for the different goals offers campuses a series of guiding questions designed to help de- termine campus needs and resources, formulate a concrete plan of action, successfully implement the plan, and consider strategies to sustain efforts.

10 Resources and tools to support all of this work are also included in each section focusing on a goal. The ultimate purpose is to integrate community engage- ment, intervention, and prevention into all areas of the campus, make any necessary adjustments to existing policies, programs, and services, and ensure that programs and services will continue to serve the campus, becoming even stronger over time. 4. II. COLLEGE campuses as Change Agents This guide is designed to provide institutions of higher education with effective strategies for ADDRESSING sexual assault, domestic VIOLENCE , dating VIOLENCE , and stalking on campus. These strategies are based on a comprehensive prevention and intervention model , as well as twenty years of work by grantees that received financial support through the Department of Justice, Office on VIOLENCE Against Women (OVW) Grants to Reduce Sexual Assault, Domestic VIOLENCE , Dating VIOLENCE and *.