ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Note Taking Guide …

1 Handout #1 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT 1 Developed by IHS for the Ohio Child Welfare Training Program - June 2017 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Note Taking Guide Foundations of ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Principles of DEVELOPMENT 1. Not everyone develops at the same rate and DEVELOPMENT varies across domains. 2. DEVELOPMENT is influenced by social and cultural diversity. 3. Past experience influences motivation to learn new things. 4. Relationships are key to DEVELOPMENT . 5. Children learn in a variety of ways. 6. DEVELOPMENT happens in a specific order. 7. Play is important to DEVELOPMENT . 8. Physical, cognitive, social, and emotional DEVELOPMENT are all important and connected. 9. Biology and experience both influence DEVELOPMENT . 10. Challenging children helps their DEVELOPMENT .

2 11. Early experiences have a lifelong impact on a child s DEVELOPMENT . 12. DEVELOPMENT goes from the simple to the complex. -Adapted from National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009 Three important brain-related concepts: o The brain develops from the bottom up (Blakemore, 2012). o The brain is a use dependent organ (Blakemore, 2012; Glav n, 2013; Sentis, 2012). o Brain DEVELOPMENT continues beyond the teen years (Sentis, 2012). DEVELOPMENT occurs in domains physical, cognitive, and social/emotional. _____ _____ At the end of this module, you will be able to: Discuss the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional DEVELOPMENT of adolescents Describe why ADOLESCENT behavior can be challenging Identify positive parenting strategies to prepare adolescents for adulthood Handout #1 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT 2 Developed by IHS for the Ohio Child Welfare Training Program -June 2017 Typical ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Adolescents are experiencing physical changes as a result of puberty and cognitive changes like increased abstract thinking.

3 Social/emotional tasks include: o identity o autonomy o intimacy o sexuality o achievement Many youth in care have experienced trauma and toxic stress. This can result in changes in the brain and in behavior. It may also result in developmental delays. _____ _____ Assessing DEVELOPMENT _____ _____ _____ Handout #1 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT 3 Developed by IHS for the Ohio Child Welfare Training Program -June 2017 Understanding Behavioral Challenges Challenging behavior can be the result of: o The emotional brain winning over the logical brain o A reaction to a trauma trigger o A self-protection measure Behavior is communication. It is the way adolescents express their needs. Caregivers parenting teens should: o Practice self-care o Become self-aware o Have a plan _____ _____ _____ _____ Caregiver s Role in Preparing for Adulthood Caregivers have three tasks: o Support relationships o Provide structure o Offer experiences _____ _____ _____ Handout #1 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT 4 Developed by IHS for the Ohio Child Welfare Training Program -June 2017 REFLECTION QUESTIONS 1.

4 Think back to your adolescence. Who was an important figure in your life? What characteristics of this person did you most admire? Do you possess similar characteristics? 2. Which resource did you learn about today that most interests you? How do you think you will use it? 3. In which life skills area will it be the most difficult for you to prepare youth? What can you do to improve your skills in this area? RESOURCES - American Academy of Pediatrics Stages of Adolescence - Mental health information for doctors, school personnel, caregivers and youth - Ohio s Bridges Program for emancipated youth until the age of 21 - Ohio Chapter provides education, peer mentors and support to families caring for those with mental illness.

5 Helps youth complete their high school education, and even provides housing provides assistance to foster care youth who want to go on to college - Helping Youth Transition to Adulthood Ohio Benefits Bank links youth and families to resources practical parenting strategies in caring for youth in a multiracial family setting A Guide to Ohio cultural and ethnic events and festivals - Foster Youth Rights Handbook - online support and resources for foster youth Handout #2 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT 1 Developed by IHS for the Ohio Child Welfare Training Program - June 2017 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Developmental Tasks, Life Skills, and Normalcy Content found in AAP, 2015; APA, 2002; Blakemore, 2012; Casey, Jones, & Hare, 2008; Child, Youth & Family, 2016; Conn, Alpert-Gillis, Baldwin & Jee, 2016; Dodge, Burks, Bates, Pettit, Fontane & Price, 2003; Field, 2013; Glavan, 2013; Gongala, 2016; Kinder, 2016; Merrill, 2016; NIMH, ; Rakhee, 2015; Ratika, 2016; Saldana, 2013; Salerno & Antony, 2014; Search Institute, 2007 Sentis, 2012; Stages, 2008; Steinberg & Morris, 2001; Williams, 2013; Witmer, 2016.

6 Early Adolescence (Ages 12-14) Physical Domain Cognitive Domain Social-Emotional Domain Life Skills Normalcy Activities Puberty Onset - Females 11-14 - Males 12-15 Female - Breast/Hips, Menses, Body Fat Increase Male - Penis/Testicles, Deepening Voice, Wet Dreams Male/Female - Body Hair, Perspiration Height/Weight Increase, Coordination Problems Focus in Present Limited Ability for Future Planning Abstract & Moral Thought Increases Grey Matter at Peak Density Mood Swings from Higher Reasoning to Emotional Outbursts Fears/Loneliness Forgetfulness/ Mental Fog Individuation - Separate from Parents Strong Identification with Peer Groups Often Rooted in Fear of Rejection Value Testing Friendships Based on Same Gender, Same Age.

7 Same Activities Focus on Appearance and Material Possessions Schedule/Cancel Appointments Keep Calendar Count Change Correctly Mow/Trim Lawn Detail Car Prepare Meals Problem Solve Laundry Articulate Problem & Seek Help With Adult Help: Music/Dance Recreational Sports Birthday Parties Sleep Overs Scouting & 4-H Summer Camps School Trips Places of Worship Youth Groups Community Activities & Events Fishing Band/Choir Theater Writing Clubs Volunteering Handout #2 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT 2 Developed by IHS for the Ohio Child Welfare Training Program - June 2017 Middle Adolescence (Ages 15-17) Physical Domain Cognitive Domain Social-Emotional Domain Life Skills Normalcy Activities Female Height Stabilizes, Body Fat Reduces Male Height Increase, Muscle Mass Increases Puberty Complete (Females Earlier/Males Later)

8 Coordination Improves Goal & Priority Setting Ability Abstract Thought & Moral Reasoning Increases Prefrontal Cortex Developing Grey Matter & Neural Pathways Pruning Brain Pleasure Centers Highly Receptive Underdeveloped Capacity to Delay Gratification Individuation-Separate From Peer Group Friendships Based on Interests Across Gender, Age or Location Struggles with Body Image & Self Doubt Risk Taking Behavior & Rejection of Authority Intense Romantic Relationships which May Change Often and Based on Physical Attraction Contact with Colleges or Employers Manage Schedule Use Bank Account Change Flat Admit When Wrong-Make Amends Child Care & Pet Care Referee, Life Guard Certifications Part time employment With Decreasing Adult Help: School Clubs & Sports Community Activities & Events Volunteer Time with Peers Athletic Club Memberships Hunting & Fishing, Dirt Bikes, 4 Wheelers, etc.

9 Hiking, Camping Driving Managing Personal Pets & Farm Animals Vacations Late Adolescence (Ages 18-21) Physical Domain Cognitive Domain Social-Emotional Domain Life Skills Normalcy Activities Females Flexibility Decreases, Strength & Agility Increases Males Height, Body Hair, Muscle Mass all Continue to Increase Males/Females Physical Potential Peaks for Strength, Precision, & Endurance Future Orientation Ability to Delay Gratification and Learn From Experience Decreases in Peer Influence/Pressure Mental Health Issues May Become More Pronounced and Require Treatment Individuation - Separate From Parents and Peers Friendships Based on Mutual Acceptance & Enjoyment Satisfaction in Helping Others Romantic Relationships are now Based on Values, Trust, Monogamy.

10 & Future Plans Housing & Bills Employment Education Manage Transportation Needs Manage Healthcare Work Well with Difficult People Positive Relationships with Friends, or Family Without Adult Help: College/Vocation/ Technical School Clubs, Hobbies Religious Affiliation Vacations Movies & Dates Volunteer Service Manage Healthcare Live Alone Visit Family/Friends Plan an Activity Mentor/Advocate Save for Investment Handout #3 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT 1 Developed by IHS for the Ohio Child Welfare Training Program - June 2017 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Teen Scenarios Read your assigned scenario and discuss the following questions: 1. For each of the three domains (cognitive, physical, and social/emotional), determine what stage of adolescence this youth is in and provide evidence.