Advanced Electrical Installation Work - Directory UMM

1 Advanced Electrical Installation work To Joyce, Samantha and Victoria Advanced Electrical Installation WorkFIFTH EDITION TREVOR LINSLEY Senior Lecturer Blackpool and The Fylde College AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYON ewnes is an imprint of ElsevierNewnes An imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 30 Corporate Drive, Burlington, MA 01803 First published by Arnold 1998 Reprinted by Butterworth-Heinemann 2001, 2002, 2003 (twice), 2004 (twice) Fourth edition 2005 Fifth edition 2008 Copyright 2008, Trevor Linsley. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved The right of Trevor Linsley to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronicmeans and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of thecopyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of alicence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP.

2 Applications for the copyright holder s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier s Science and Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK; phone: ( 44) (0) 1865 843830; fax: ( 44) (0) 1865 853333; e-mail: You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage ( ), by selecting Customer Support and then Obtaining Permissions . Whilst the advice and information in this book is believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the author nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library For information on all Newnes publications visit our website at ISBN 978-0-7506-8752-2 Typeset by Charon Tec Ltd.

3 , A Macmillan Company ( ) Printed and bound in Great Britain v Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix UNIT 1 Application of health and safety and Electrical principles 1 Chapter 1 Statutory regulations and safe working procedures 3 Chapter 2 Safe working practices and emergency procedures 51 Chapter 3 Effective working practices 77 Chapter 4 Electrical systems and components 95 Chapter 5 Electricity supply systems, protection and earthing 181 Chapter 6 Electrical machines and motors 227 UNIT 2 Installation (buildings and structures): inspection, testing and commissioning 251 Chapter 7 Safe, effective and effi cient working practices 253 Chapter 8 Inspection, testing and commissioning 311 UNIT 3 Installation (buildings and structures): fault diagnosis and rectifi cation 347 Chapter 9 Fault diagnosis and repair 349 Chapter 10 Restoring systems to working order 373 Answers to Check your understanding 381 Appendix A: Obtaining information and electronic components 383 Appendix B: Abbreviations, symbols and codes 385 Glossary of terms 387 Index 397 This page intentionally left blank Preface vii The 5th Edition of Advanced Electrical Installation work has been com-pletely rewritten in 10 Chapters to closely match the 10 Outcomes of the City and Guilds qualifi cation.

4 The technical content has been revised and updated to the requirements of the new 17th Edition of the IEE Regulations BS 7671: 2008. Improved page design with new illustrations gives greater clarity to each topic. This book of Electrical Installation theory and practice will be of value to the Electrical trainee working towards: The City and Guilds 2330 Level 3 Certifi cate in Electrotechnical Technology, Installation Route. The City and Guilds 2356 Level 2 NVQ in Installing Electrotechnical Systems. The SCOTVEC and BTEC Electrical Utilisation Units at Levels II and III. Those taking Engineering NVQ and modern Apprenticeship Courses. Advanced Electrical Installation work provides a sound basic knowledge of Electrical practice which other trades in the construction industry will fi nd of value, particularly those involved in multi-skilling activities.

5 The book incorporates the requirements of the latest Regulations, particularly: 17th Edition IEE Wiring Regulations. British Standards BS 7671: 2008. Part P of the Building Regulations, Electrical Safety in Dwellings: 2006. Hazardous Waste Regulations: 2005. work at Height Regulations: 2005. Trevor Linsley 2008 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements ix I would like to acknowledge the assistance given by the following manufac-turers and professional organizations in the preparation of this book: The Institution of Engineering and Technology for permission to reproduce Regulations and Tables from the 17th Edition IEE Regulations. The British Standards Institution for permission to reproduce mate-rial from BS 7671: 2008.

6 Crabtree Electrical Industries for technical information and data. RS Components Limited for technical information and photographs. Stocksigns Limited for technical information and photographs. Wylex Electrical Components for technical information and photographs. Jason vann Smith MIET MiEEE MBCS MACM for the photographs used in the page design. I would like to thank the many College Lecturers who responded to the questionnaire from Elsevier the publishers, regarding the proposed new edition of this book. Their recommendations have been taken into account in producing this improved 5th Edition. I would also like to thank the editorial and production staff at Elsevier the publishers for their enthusiasm and support.

7 They were able to publish this 5th Edition within the very short timescale created by the publication of the 17th Edition of the IEE Regulations. Finally I would like to thank Joyce, Samantha and Victoria for their support and encouragement. This page intentionally left blankThis page intentionally left blankUVW666222C1L1L2L3C1 2C3456To 3 phase supplyUVW Statutory regulations and safe working procedures Ch 1 3 Unit 1 - Application of health and safety and Electrical principles Outcome 1 Underpinning knowledge: when you have completed this chapter you should be able to: identify the Safety Regulations relevant to the electrotechnical industry identify environmental legislation relevant to the electrotechnical industry state employer and employee responsibilities state the human and environmental conditions leading to workplace accidents describe a procedure for reporting accidents recognize workplace safety signs carry out a risk assessment list the changing work patterns within the industry 4 Advanced Electrical Installation work Introduction This fi rst chapter of Advanced Electrical Installation work covers the health and safety core skills required by the City and Guilds Level 3 Certifi cate in Electrotechnical Technology.

8 That is the Health and Safety Laws and Regulations that underpin the electrotechnical industry. Let me begin by looking at the background to the modern Health and Safety Regulations and the electricity supply and wiring regulations. Electricity generation as we know it today began when Michael Faraday conducted the famous ring experiment in 1831. This experiment, together with many other experiments of the time, made it possible for Lord Kelvin and Sebastian de Ferranti to patent in 1882 the designs for an Electrical machine called the Ferranti Thompson dynamo, which enabled the gen-eration of electricity on a commercial scale. In 1887 the London electric supply corporation was formed with Ferranti as chief engineer. This was one of the many privately owned electricity generating stations supplying the Electrical needs of the United Kingdom.

9 As the demand for electricity grew, more privately owned generating sta-tions were built until eventually the government realized that electricity was a national asset which would benefi t from nationalization. In 1926 the Electricity Supply Act placed the responsibility for generation in the hands of the Central Electricity Board. In England and Wales the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) had the responsibility for the generation and transmission of electricity on the supergrid. In Scotland, generation was the joint responsibility of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electricity Board and the South of Scotland Electricity Board. In Northern Ireland electricity gen-eration was the responsibility of the Northern Ireland Electricity Service. In 1988 Cecil Parkinson, the Secretary of State for Energy in the Conservative government, proposed the denationalization of the electricity supply indus-try; this became law in March 1991, thereby returning the responsibility for generation, transmission and distribution to the private sector.

10 It was anticipated that this action, together with new legislation over the security of supplies, would lead to a guaranteed quality of provision, with increased competition leading eventually to cheaper electricity. During the period of development of the electricity services, particularly in the early days, poor design and Installation led to many buildings being dam-aged by fi re and the electrocution of human beings and livestock. It was the insurance companies which originally drew up a set of rules and guidelines of good practice in the interest of reducing the number of claims made upon them. The fi rst rules were made by the American Board of Fire Underwriters and were quickly followed by the Phoenix Rules of 1882. In the same year the fi rst edition of the Rules and Regulations for the Prevention of Fire Risk aris-ing from Electrical Lighting was issued by the Institute of Electrical Engineers.