Advanced Language Practice

1 AdvancedLanguage Practicewith keyMichael Vincewith Peter SunderlandEnglish Grammar andVocabularyMACMILLANM acmillan EducationBetween Towns Road, Oxford OX4 3 PPA division of Macmillan Publishers LimitedCompanies and representatives throughout the worldISBN 1 405 00762 1 with keyISBN 1 405 00761 3 without keyText Michael Vince 2003 Design and illustration Macmillan Publishers Limited 2003 First published 1994 This edition published 2003 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in anyform, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permissionof the by Mike Brain Graphic Design LimitedLayout and composition by Newton Harris Design PartnershipCover design by Oliver DesignIllustrated by:Ed McLachlan pp 109; Julian Mosedale pp 12, 39, 110, 123, 153,176, 195, 217, 225, 257.

2 David Parkins pp 3, 42, 73;Martin Shovel pp 10, 16, 56, 70, 117, 147, 235, 285;Bill Stott pp 122; Kingsley Wiggin pp 24, 27, 57, 191, by:Eyewire, Photodisc and Andrew author would like to thank the many schools and teacherswho have commented on these materials. Also special thanks toPeter Sunderland and Sarah and bound in Italyby G. Canale and C. A Borgaro , Turin2007 2006 2005 2004 200310 987654321 ContentsIntroductionVlllGrammar 1 Grammar 2 Present timeBasic contrasts: present simple and present continuousState verbs and event (action or dynamic) verbsState verbs normally without a continuous formDifference of meaning in stative and active verbsOther uses of present continuousOther uses of present simpleFuture timeBasic contrasts.

3 Will, going to, present continuousFuture continuousFuture perfectOther ways of referring to the futureOther future referencesGrammar 3 Past timeBasic contrasts: past simple and past continuousPast perfect simple and continuousUsed to and wouldUnfulfilled past eventsPolite formsContrast with present perfectGrammar 4 Present perfectPresent perfect simplePresent perfect continuousContrast of present perfect simple and present perfect continuousTime expressions with present perfect14213340iiiGrammar 6 Passive 1 Basic usesUsing and not mentioning the agentGrammar 7 Passive 2 Have and get something done, need doir.

4 Passive getReporting verbsVerbs with prepositionsCommon contexts for the passiveADVANCED Language PRACTICEG rammar 8 ConditionalsBasic usage: truths, real situations, hypothetical situations (presentand past)Variations: if only, unless, and other alternatives to if, past eventswith results in the present, should, were to, happen to, if it were not for,if it hadn't been forOther ways of making a conditional sentence: supposing, otherwise,but for, if so, if not, colloquial omission of if, if and adjectives,if meaning althoughGrammar 9 Unreal time and subjunctivesIt's time, it's high timeWishesI'd rather and I'd sooner, I'd preferAs if, as thoughSuppose and imagineFormal subjunctivesFormulaic subjunctive4654 Grammar 11 Modals: present and future 65 Don't have to and must not.

5 Absence of obligation, obligation notto do somethingShould: expectation, recommendation, criticism of an action,uncertainty with verbs of thinking, with be and adjectives describing chanceafter in case to emphasise unlikelihoodCould: possibility or uncertainty, with comparative adjectives toexpress possibility or impossibility, suggestions, unwillingnessCan: criticism, capabilityMust and can't: certainty, present time reference onlyMay and might: although clauses , may/might as well, possibility oruncertainty with tryShall: certainty, what the speaker wants to happenWill: assumption, intention, refuse and insistWould: annoying habits, certaintyNeed: need to not a modal, need partly a modalRelated non-modal expressions: had better, be bound toGrammar 12 Modals: past 72 Had to and must have.

6 Past obligation, past certaintyShould have and ought to have: expectation, criticism of an action,should have and verbs of thinking, with be and adjectivesdescribing chance, polite expressionsCould have: past possibility or uncertainty, with comparativeadjectives, unwillingnessCould: past permission or ability, compared with could haveMay have and can't have: certainty, with surelyWould not: unwillingnessWould have: events in the past which did not happen, assumptionsNeedn't have and didn't need to: unnecessary actions done and not doneAdverbs and modals.

7 Well, easily, obviously, really, justIVCONTENTSG rammar 13 InversionInversionInversion after negative adverbialsInversion after so/such with thatInverted conditional sentences without ifGrammar 14 EmphasisChanging word order to change focusAdding words for emphasisOther means7885 Grammar 16 Reported speech 97 Problems: reported speech with modals, with conditionals, don't thinkReporting verbsFunctions.

8 Verbs that describe a function, verbs that describe actionsChanges of viewpointGrammar 17 Articles 104 Definite article (the), indefinite article (a/an), zero articleTranslation problemsGrammar 18 relative and non-finite clauses 111 defining and non- defining clausesWhich and thatWho, whom.

9 And whoseWhen and whereOmitting the relative pronounOmitting which/who + beClauses beginning with what and whateverNon-finite clauses containing an -ing formGrammar 19 Verbs + infinitive or -ing 118 Verbs followed by either -ing or infinitive with toVerbs with an object, followed by either -ing or infinitive with toVerbs normally followed by infinitive with toVerbs normally followed by -ingVerbs followed by infinitive without toVerbs followed by an object and to131138 Grammar 21 Verbs + prepositionsVerbs followed by: in, for, of, with, from, on, against, about, out, at, toGrammar 22 PrepositionsFollowing adjectives: of, about, with, at, on, to, by, for, in, fromFollowing nouns: on, to, over, with, forExpressions beginning.

10 In, with, at, on, beyond, by, for, out of, under,without, within, afterADVANCED Language PRACTICEG rammar 23 Grammar 24 Grammar 25 Grammar 27 Grammar 28 Phrasal verbs 1 Add up to get up toPhrasal verbs 2 Give away to put up withPhrasal verbs 3 Rip off to work out144150156 Grammar 30 Further Practice182 Vocabulary ~TVocabulary 2 Vocabulary 3 Vocabulary 4 Vocabulary 5 Vocabulary 6 Vocabulary 7 Vocabulary 8 Vocabulary 9 Vocabulary 10 Vocabulary 11 Vocabulary 12 Vocabulary 13 Leisure activitiesTravel and movementNews