ADVANCEMENTS IN SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES …

1 CONTINUING EDUCATIONARCHITECTURAL PAVING SYSTEMSADVANCEMENTS IN SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES AND FINISHESWhen the City of Toronto decided to revitalize Yorkville Avenue, arguably Canada s trendiest shopping district, planners wanted to enhance the sidewalks and the roadway with paving stones that were sophisticated, contemporary and durable. The durability of the pavers was of the utmost importance, said Brett Hoornaert, landscape architect and an associate with The Planning Partnership. Paving stones had been in place outside Yorkville Avenue s fire station for 40 years, and Hoornaert cited this as evidence that paving stones could deliver the long-term durability required for the with the manufacturer, the design team chose a plank style paving stone laid in a herringbone pattern, with a pleasing mix of grey tones, and umber-colored stones added for the sidewalk.

2 Now, the avenue feels both trendy and historic with paving stones from building face to building , the specification of concrete paver systems offers more diverse architectural choices than ever before. However, not all concrete paving materials are created equal. To withstand harsh environments and heavy use with minimal color and SURFACE wear, paving products should employ the latest TECHNOLOGIES and manufacturing processes available. This will ensure that the architect, landscape architect, or engineer is specifying concrete pavers that will withstand the test of time.

3 The range of color and finish options for these products is greater than ever before, allowing the designer to explore creative options in partnership with a supportive manufacturer. This article explores how to recognize, design for, and build with, the highest quality concrete pavers available in the LONG HISTORY OF CONCRETE PAVERSS egmental paved surfaces have a long history of function and durability. The Romans used paving stones of varying materials, and a layered construction method to build over 50,000 miles of paved roads.

4 Base materials consisted of a bedding layer of fine cement combined with a number of layers of rubble of increasing size to ensure proper drainage. By Kathy Price-RobinsonPresented by:LEARNING OBJECTIVESUpon completion of this course the student will be able to:1. Describe the history of concrete Understand the manufacturing process and standards of concrete paving List new paver technology and industry Understand the diversity of application types Examine the potential options for contribution to LEED EDUCATIONCREDIT: 1 LUCOURSE NUMBER: the learning objectives above to focus your study as you read this article.

5 To earn credit and obtain a certificate of completion, visit and complete the quiz for free as you read this article. If you are new to Hanley Wood University, create a free learner account; returning users log in as stones laid from building front to building front helped revitalize Toronto s trendy Yorkville Avenue shopping EDUCATIONR oman segmental paved surfaces were built to resist rain, freezing, and flooding, and to require as little repair as possible. It s clear that these construction methods worked, as some of these roads are still in use today.

6 Throughout history, many urban roads were paved in segmental stone or brick. Cobblestones, a commonly used SURFACE , were typically sourced from riverbeds and provided a rough and uneven SURFACE . By the 1700s, this river rock began to be replaced by quarried stone dressed in rectangular shapes. In the , basalt, sandstone, and even limestone were used. This SURFACE stone sat on a bed of course sand; sand was also used to fill joints. Brick pavements have been used for hundreds of years, most commonly in areas where there wasn t enough local stone.

7 A similar base of sand and sometimes an additional layer of broken stone was used. Joints were filled with sand or a bituminous material. The issue with brick pavers was their tendency to suffer SURFACE damage, which limited their lifespan to about 20 use of concrete block pavers began in Germany prior to World War I. These were seen as a replacement for stone and brick pavers, providing greater IN POST-WAR EUROPEA fter World War II, Holland began manufacturing concrete pavers in earnest. Because clay bricks were needed for building construction, manufacturers created concrete pavers for use in road repair and rebuilding.

8 Originally, these concrete pavers were manufactured to match clay brick sizes, but eventually new formats and sizes were created. These new concrete pavers were less expensive than their clay counterparts and had greater consistency of size. The concrete paver soon evolved into shapes that were denated, meaning they had teeth, which allowed the blocks to be easily placed without the use of lugs. This reduced the need for skilled installation labor, thus lowering costs. During the same period, Fritz Von Langsdorff, an engineer from Germany, developed new shapes and integrated colors for concrete pavers that featured tremendous pressure resistance and low moisture content.

9 The first of these new paving stones were installed in Stuttgart, and Germany soon became recognized as the leader in this field. The Germans are responsible for many of the new paver products and much of the manufacturing technology we use today, and concrete pavers remain a very popular choice in Europe. NORTH AMERICAN PAVER TECHNOLOGY FROM 1970 TO PRESENTP avers were introduced to North America in the 1970s, with the first stones made in Barrie, Ontario, Canada. They were made six units at a time, 3,000 per day and palleted by hand.

10 At that time, natural-colored (grey) pavers were the only available option. Here is the timeline:1970s: First generation pavers all had a standard finish, meaning that the concrete mix was the same from top to bottom. In 1975, new paver shapes were developed that combined the classic shapes of a square and an octagon into one versatile : The first circle system paver is introduced in 1983. Heavy-duty pavers were developed in 1989 in response to a need for an attractive pavement option capable of sustaining enormous loads.