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AIA Ventilation Requirements Hospitals and …

Table 3 Ventilation Requirements for Areas Affecting Patient Care in Hospitals and Outpatient FacilitiesFunction SpacePressure Relationship to Adjacent AreasaMinimum Air Changes of Outside Air per HourbMinimum To t a l A i r Changes per HourcAll Air Exhausted Directly to OutsidemAir Recirculated Within Room UnitsdRelative Humidity,n%Design Temperature,o FSurgery and Critical CareOperating room (recirculating air system)Positive525 No45 to 5562 to 80 Operating/surgical cystoscopic roomse, p, qPositive525 No45 to 5568 to 73rDelivery roompPositive525 No45 to 5568 to 73 Recovery roomp*26 No45 to 5575 2 Critical and intensive care*26 No30 to 6070 to 75 Newborn intensive care*26 No30 to 6072 to 78 Treatment rooms* 6 30 to 6075 Nursery suitePositive512 No30 to 6075 to 80 Trauma roomf, sPositive512 No45 to 5562 to 80 Anesthesia gas storageNegative 8 Yes GI EndoscopyNegative26 No30 to 6068 to 73 BronchoscopyqNegative212 YesNo30 to 6068 to 73 Emergency waiting

Table 3 Ventilation Requirements for Areas Affecting Patient Care in Hospitals and Outpatient Facilities Function Space Pressure Relationship to Adjacent

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1 Table 3 Ventilation Requirements for Areas Affecting Patient Care in Hospitals and Outpatient FacilitiesFunction SpacePressure Relationship to Adjacent AreasaMinimum Air Changes of Outside Air per HourbMinimum To t a l A i r Changes per HourcAll Air Exhausted Directly to OutsidemAir Recirculated Within Room UnitsdRelative Humidity,n%Design Temperature,o FSurgery and Critical CareOperating room (recirculating air system)Positive525 No45 to 5562 to 80 Operating/surgical cystoscopic roomse, p, qPositive525 No45 to 5568 to 73rDelivery roompPositive525 No45 to 5568 to 73 Recovery roomp*26 No45 to 5575 2 Critical and intensive care*26 No30 to 6070 to 75 Newborn intensive care*26 No30 to 6072 to 78 Treatment rooms* 6 30 to 6075 Nursery suitePositive512 No30 to 6075 to 80 Trauma roomf, sPositive512 No45 to 5562 to 80 Anesthesia gas storageNegative 8 Yes GI EndoscopyNegative26 No30 to 6068 to 73 BronchoscopyqNegative212 YesNo30 to 6068 to 73 Emergency waiting roomsNegative212 Yes 30 to 6074 2 TriageNegative212 Yes 70 to 75 Radiology waiting roomsNegative212 Yest, u 70 to 75 NursingPatient room*26v 30 (W), 50 (S)

2 75 2 Toilet roomgNegativeOptional10 YesNo Newborn nursery suite*26 No30 to 6072 to 78 Protective environment roomi, q, wPositive212 No 75 Airborne infection isolation roomh,q, xNegative212 YesuNo 75 Isolation alcove or anteroomw, Labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum (LDRP)*26v 30 (W), 50 (S)75 2 Public corridorNegative22 Patient corridor*24 AncillaryRadiologyy X-ray (diagnostic and treatment)*26 40 (W), 50 (S)78 to 80 X-ray (surgery/critical care and catheterization)Positive315 No30 to 6070 to 75 DarkroomNegative210 YesjNo Laboratory, generalyNegative26 YesNo30 to 6074 2 Laboratory, bacteriologyNegative26 YesNo30 to 6074 2 Laboratory , biochemistryyPositive26 No30 to 6074 2 Laboratory, cytologyNegative26 YesNo30 to 6074 2 Laboratory, glasswashingNegativeOptional10 Yes Laboratory, histologyNegative26 YesNo30 to 6074 2 MicrobiologyyNegative 6 YesNo30 to 6074 2 Laboratory, nuclear medicineNegative26 YesNo30 to 6074 2 Laboratory, pathologyNegative26 YesNo30 to 6074 2 Laboratory, serologyPositive26 YesNo30 to 6074 2 Laboratory, sterilizingNegativeOptional10 YesNo30 to 6074 2 Laboratory.

3 Media transferPositive24 No30 to 6074 2 Autopsy roomqNegative212 YesNo Nonrefrigerated body-holding roomkNegativeOptional10 YesNo 70 PharmacyPositive24 30 to 6074 2 AdministrationAdmitting and Waiting RoomsNegative26 Yes 30 to 6074 2 Diagnostic and TreatmentBronchoscopy, sputum collection, and pentamidine administrationNegative212 Yes 30 to 6074 2 Examination room*26 30 to 6074 2 Medication roomPositive24 30 to 6074 2 Treatment room*26 30 (W), 50 (S)75 2 Physical therapy and hydrotherapyNegative26 30 to 6072 to 78/up to 80 Soiled workroom or soiled holdingNegative210 YesNo30 to 6072 to 78 Clean workroom or clean holdingPositive24 Sterilizing and SupplyETO-sterilizer roomNegative 10 YesNo30 to 6072 to 78 Sterilizer equipment roomNegative 10 YesNo30 to 6074 2 Central medical and surgical supply Soiled or decontamination roomNegative26 YesNo30 to 6072 to 78 Clean workroom Positive 2 4 No 30 to 60 72 to 78 Sterile storagePositive24 Under 5074 2

4 ServiceFood preparation centerl*210 YesNo WarewashingNegativeOptional10 YesNo Dietary day storage*Optional2 No Laundry, generalNegative210 YesNo Soiled linen sorting and storageNegativeOptional10 YesNo Clean linen storagePositive2 (Optional)2 Linen and trash chute roomNegativeOptional10 YesNo Bedpan roomNegativeOptional10 YesNo BathroomNegativeOptional10 YesNo 72 to 78 Janitor s closetNegativeOptional10 YesNo (W) = winter(S) = summeraWhere continuous directional control is not required, variations should be minimized; in nocase should a lack of directional control allow spread of infection from one area to between functional areas (wards or departments) should have directional con-trol.

5 Lewis (1988) describes ways to maintain directional control by applying air-trackingcontrols. Ventilation system design should provide air movement, generally from clean toless clean areas. If any VAV or load-shedding system is used for energy conservation, itmust not compromise pressure-balancing relationships or minimum air changes requiredby the table. See note z for additional rates in this table cover Ventilation for comfort, as well as for asepsis and odorcontrol in areas of acute-care Hospitals that directly affect patient care. Ventilation rates inaccordance with ASHRAE Standard 62, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality,should be used for areas for which specific Ventilation rates are not given.

6 Where a higheroutside air requirement is called for in Standard 62 than here, use the higher air changes indicated should be either supplied or, where required, exhausted. Num-ber of air changes can be reduced when the room is unoccupied, if the pressure relationshipis maintained and the number of air changes indicated is reestablished any time the spaceis used. Air changes shown are minimum values. Higher values should be used whenrequired to maintain room temperature and humidity conditions based on the cooling loadof the space (lights, equipment, people, exterior walls and windows, etc.).dRecirculating HEPA filter units used for infection control (without heating or cooling coils)are acceptable. Gravity-type heating or cooling units such as radiators or convectors shouldnot be used in operating rooms and other special-care operating rooms, 100% outside air should be used only when codes require it and onlyif heat recovery devices are Trauma room here is a first-aid room and/or emergency room used for general initialtreatment of accident victims.

7 The operating room in the trauma center that is routinelyused for emergency surgery should be treated as an operating section on Patient Rooms for discussion of central toilet exhaust system Airborne infectious isolation rooms here are those that might be used for infectiouspatients in the average community hospital . The rooms are negatively pressurized. Somemay have a separate anteroom. See the section on Infectious Isolation Unit for more rooms are those used for immunosuppressed patients, positivelypressurized to protect the patient. Anterooms are generally required and should be nega-tively pressurized with respect to the patient air need not be exhausted if darkroom equipment has scavenging exhaust duct attachedand meets Ventilation standards of NIOSH, OSHA, and local employee exposure nonrefrigerated body-holding room is only applicable to facilities that do not performautopsies onsite and use the space for short periods while waiting for the body to be preparation centers should have an excess of air supply for positive pressurizationwhen hoods are not in operation.

8 The number of air changes may be reduced or varied forodor control when the space is not in use. Minimum total air changes per hour should bethat required to provide proper makeup air to kitchen exhaust systems. (See Chapter 31,Kitchen Ventilation .) Also, exfiltration or infiltration to or from exit corridors must notcompromise exit corridor restrictions of NFPA Standard 90A, pressure Requirements ofNFPA Standard 96, or the maximum defined in the table. The number of air changes maybe reduced or varied as required for odor control when the space is not in use. See AIA(2001), Section with contamination and/or odor problems should be exhausted to the outside and notrecirculated to other areas. Individual circumstances may require special consideration forair exhaust to the outside ( , intensive care units where patients with pulmonary infec-tion are treated, rooms for burn patients).

9 To satisfy exhaust needs, replacement air fromthe outside is necessary. Minimum outside air quantities should remain constant while thesystem is in humidity ranges listed are minimum and maximum limits where control is spe-cifically needed. These limits are not intended to be independent of space temperature. Forexample, relative humidity is expected to be at the higher end of the range when the tem-perature is also at the higher end, and vice versa.* = Continuous directional control not requiredoFor indicated temperature ranges, systems should be capable of maintaining therooms at any point within the range during normal operation. A single figure indi-cates a heating or cooling capacity to at least meet the indicated temperature.

10 Thisis usually applicable when patients may be undressed and require a warmer envi-ronment. Use of lower temperature is acceptable when patients comfort and med-ical conditions require those Criteria Documents 75-137 and 96-107 on waste anesthetic gases andnitrous oxide indicate a need for both local exhaust (scavenging) systems and gen-eral Ventilation of areas in which these gases are pressure between space and corridors should be a minimum of water. If monitoring device alarms are installed, allowances should be made toprevent nuisance alarms. rBecause some surgeons or surgical procedures may require room temperatures out-side the indicated range, operating room design conditions should be developed inconsort with all users, surgeons, anesthesiologists, and nursing first-aid and/or emergency room used for initial treatment of accident victimscan be ventilated as for the treatment room.


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