AIR DEFENSE ARTILLERY REFERENCE HANDBOOK

1 HEADQUARTERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FM (FM 44-100-2)AIR DEFENSE ARTILLERYREFERENCE HANDBOOKDISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is FM (FM 44-1-2)Field ManualNo. of the ArmyWashington, DC, 31 OCTOBER 2000 Air DEFENSE ArtilleryReference iiiChapter 1 AIR DEFENSE ARTILLERY ..1-1 Air and Missile DEFENSE in Relation to Army Tenets ..1-2 Air and Missile DEFENSE in Force DEFENSE Battlefield Operating System ..1-3 Chapter Evolving Warfare ..2-8 Weapons of Mass Destruction .. 3 SHORT RANGE AIR Stinger Fighting System ..3-11 Avenger 4 THEATER HIGH ALTITUDE AREA DEFENSE ..4-1 System Description ..4-1 This publication supersedes FM 44-1-2, 15 June 1984 Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is 44-100-2iiSystem Operational 4-10 Chapter 5 PATRIOT AIR DEFENSE 5-1 Mission.

2 5-1 System Description Battalion Fire Direction Center .. 5-1 System Description - Firing 5-3 System Operational 5-9 Patriot Logistics Support .. 5-16 Chapter 6 COMMAND AND CONTROL 6-1 Air and Missile DEFENSE Battle Command Organizations .. 6-1 Air and Missile DEFENSE Planning and Control 6-2 Tactical Command System .. 6-6 Master Information and Coordination Central .. 6-6 Forward Area Air DEFENSE C3I System .. 6-6 Chapter 7 TRAINING DEVICES AND AERIAL 7-1 MANPADS Stinger Training Devices .. 7-1 Bradley Stinger Fighting Vehicle/Linebacker Training Devices .. 7-4 Avenger Training Devices .. 7-6 Sentinel Training 7-7 FAAD C3I Training Devices .. 7-7 Patriot Training Devices .. 7-8 THAAD Training Devices .. 7-11 Joint Radio Operator and Maintenance Procedures 7-13 Aerial Targets for Training.

3 7-14 Appendix AADA EMPLOYMENT PRINCIPLES, GUIDELINES, AND BADA Bibliography-1 INDEX .. Index-1 IIIP refaceThe purpose of this field manual (FM) is to familiarize personnel with ADA operations and weaponsystems. This FM will be useful to personnel serving in the following types of positions: staff positions requiring general knowledge of Air DEFENSE ARTILLERY systems andoperations instructor positions in service schools and the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) members of advisory elements and groups assigned to missions in foreign countries advisory positions in reserve component forces command and leadership positions in special operations force units executive positions and advisory positions that require knowledge of air defensesubjectsReaders are reminded that weapons systems and operations are continually changing.

4 Publicationssuch as technical manuals, tables of organization and equipment, and mission training plans(MTP) provide more detailed information on specific subjects. Many of these sources are referred toin appropriate sections of this field proponent for this manual is HQ TRADOC. Send comments and recommendations onDA Form 2028 to Commandant, USAADASCH, ATTN: ATSA-DT-WF, Fort Bliss, TX this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively 1 Air DEFENSE ARTILLERY MissionThis chapter addresses the Air DEFENSE ARTILLERY (ADA) mission and therelationship to the Army tenets and battlefield operating systems. ADAcontributes unique capabilities to theater counterair and theater missiledefense operations as part of a joint, multinational, or interagency theater objectives of ADA are to preserve combat power, gain theinitiative, and support offensive The mission of US Army Air DEFENSE ARTILLERY is to protect the force andselected geopolitical assets from aerial attack, missile attack ADA commanders allocate active and reserve component ADA assetsbased on the supported commander's priorities.

5 In addition, the mission isbroadly written to include protection of critical assets, installations, andfacilities along with joint and multinational forces when ASSETS1-3. Geopolitical assets are nonmilitary assets that US, allied, or host nationcivil authorities nominate for air and missile DEFENSE protection. These assetscould be political, religious, ethnic, historical, or territorial in nature. Sinceprotection of geopolitical assets may not directly support military operations ,integration of geopolitical assets into the air and missile DEFENSE prioritieslist must be done at the highest levels. Geopolitical assets may include The threat includes all aircraft, aerial surveillance platforms, andtheater missiles. Chapter 2 provides more detail and information on Successful air and missile DEFENSE is key to generating and sustainingcombat power in force projection operations .

6 The AD contribution to friendlyefforts to counter threat reconnaissance, intelligence surveillance, and targetacquisition efforts has gained greater emphasis. Current and future ArmyADA capabilities, both active and reserve component, must synergisticallycombine with the AD assets of other services to defeat the multifacetedthreat. Army ADA forces participate in operations at all levels of 44-100-21-2 AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE IN RELATION TO ARMY TENETS1-6. Air and missile DEFENSE operations are inherently joint operations , multi-component, and embody Army doctrine. ADA forces are versatile, agile, andfight throughout the depth of the battlefield. Through aggressive planningand fully orchestrated execution, ADA allows the commander at any level toseize and maintain the initiative.

7 Commanders integrate air and missiledefense operations into campaigns fought at the operational level, and battlesand engagements fought at the tactical Air DEFENSE ARTILLERY units participate in planning for offensive anddefensive counterair and theater missile DEFENSE operations . Air and missiledefense commanders recommend enemy airfields, missile launch sites,command and control nodes, and logistics for deep attack. They contribute towinning the information war by destroying threat aerial reconnaissanceplatforms. ADA units engage air threats from directions and in ways that theenemy does not ADA units anticipate and counter enemy actions and react rapidly tochanges in the situation. Agility is as much a mental quality as a physicalone.

8 ADA must quickly change from offense to DEFENSE , entry to decisiveoperations, and counterair to theater missile DEFENSE . Concentrating coverageand fires, or screening the flanks from attack and surveillance, are tasksroutinely accomplished by ADA ADA units are among the first units to deploy during force-projectionoperations and the last units to depart during redeployment operations . Theyconduct operations throughout the width and depth of the theater. ADA unitsachieve DEFENSE in depth using a system of systems approach, which givesmultiple opportunities to defeat the aerial threat. ADA systems see deep intothreat airspace to contribute to the commander's situational awareness anddefeat air, missile, and surveillance threats at maximum range.

9 Depth alsoincludes staying power, which is the access to adequate resources to continuethe fight. Army air and missile DEFENSE includes contributions from allbattlefield operating systems and The Synchronization tenet requires controlling the tempo of operationsas well as weighting and shifting air and missile DEFENSE efforts. ADA unitscounter the entire aerial threat spectrum by integrating a system of integrate their operations horizontally with all battlefieldoperating systems and vertically with both higher and lower ADA ADA units meet diverse mission requirements. They require discipline,high standards, and thorough preparation. Commanders need to shift focus,task-organize, and move from one role or mission to another quickly andFM 44-100-21-3efficiently.

10 ADA units are multifunctional, able to defeat several different airthreats while operating at the strategic, operational, and tactical AND MISSILE DEFENSE IN FORCE PROTECTION1-12. Commanders seek to apply overwhelming combat power to achievevictory with minimum casualties to their forces and assets. Combat powercombines the elements of maneuver, firepower, protection, and combat power is the ability to focus sufficient force to ensuresuccess and deny the threat any chance of escape or effective apply overwhelming combat power by bringing all combatelements to bear at the optimum time and place, giving the threat noopportunity to respond effectively. Commanders integrate and coordinate avariety of functions with the elements of combat power.