Aircraft Electrical Systems - Semantic Scholar

1 Aircraft Electrical SystemsElectromagnetic Induction was Electromagnetic Induction -movement of electrons through wires (or conductors) to create electric current. Magnets passed across a closed-loop of wire at right-angles create an electromotive force (ELF) ELF VOLTS occurrwhen electrons move in the wire Vice Versa: Electricity produces magnetismWhat is Electricity?Vice Versa: Electricity produces magnetismAircraft Electrical System Power SourcesBattery Provides Electrical Power when Alternator or Generator is not available Several types of Batteries Most Common Lead-Acid Battery Lead and Acid produce Electrical chargeElectrical battery Small, light, not a lot of power Simple and effective built to last Recharges during flight from Alternator or Generator AlternatorConverts Alternating Current (AC) to Direct Current (DC) For Electrical system uses DC is easier to use, Lower volts, Safer Also, provides Current to Battery to maintain battery power at max levelsAircraft Electrical System Power SourcesGeneratorProduces Direct Current (DC)

2 For Electrical system uses DC is easier to use, Lower volts, Safer Like Alternator-provides Current to Battery to maintain battery power at max levels when Battery is off line Aircraft Electrical System Power SourcesAircraft Electrical System ControlsMaster SwitchControls ALL Aircraft Electrical power from Source to Use Points Left Side Switch controls Alternator Power Source Right Side Switch controls Battery Power SourceAircraft Electrical System ControlsCircuit Breaker & Fuses Protect individual Electrical User Systems from Electrical Overload (too much power) Breakers and Fuses do Same Job Difference: Replace a Fuse Reset a Circuit breakers Technology Improvement Fuses-Older Technology Circuit Breakers Newer TechnologyAircraft Electrical System ControlsAirplane Electrical SystemsAmmeter Monitors Electrical system performanceTwo types To/from battery Alternator loadVoltage Regulator Volt is a measure of Electrical Power Voltage regulator automatically maintains constant voltage levelAircraft Electrical System ControlsMaster SwitchMaster SolenoidStarter SolenoidElectrical Switch starter solenoid relays a large Electrical current from origination source (Battery or Auxiliary Power Unit APU)

3 To rotate Starter MotorStarter SwitchStarter Electric Motor connected by special gearing to engine Crankshaft Rotates at very high speeds to rotate engine Crankshaft engine Crankshaft rotation Aircraft engine Magnetos Magneto is a Field Generator Rotating Magnet surrounded by loops of conducting wires Rotating magnets generate Electrical current flow through wires Aircraft engines have TWO Magnetos for Redundancy Safety feature two spark sources are better than oneMagnetoMagneto SystemsAND, TWO Spark Plugs Two plugs fire simultaneously in Each Cylinder from Each Spark Source Efficiency More even spark More even, steady burning More complete burning Spark improves burning in all areas of cylinder Plug fouling A problem Airplane Electrical SystemsBattery Stores Electricity Powers engine Short-term PowerMagneto and Electrical System By Cory and AmandaElectrical System-727 SimplifiedMagneto and Electrical systemJonathan HordMagnetoes are self-sufficient Air, fuel and spark starts engineGlass Cockpits Electrical power is essential for Glass Panel Cockpits Magneto Powered engine can run without Battery power Glass Panels Can tGlass Cockpit Power -Critical Backup Battery 30 Minutes?

4 ? Aircraft Electrical SystemsThe End Fly Safe!Basic Electrical /Magneto Aircraft SystemA cylinder is a central working part of an engine . The space in which a piston travels. Multiple cylinders are arranged side by side by the engine block. The distance the piston travels in a cylinder is called the stroke. In the cylinder is where combustion occurs. A busbar in Electrical power in distributing refers to thick strips of copper and aluminum and conducts electricity within a switchboard, distributing board, or other Electrical apparatus. Brian Bates, Baron Gould, & Richard LynchELECTRICAL & MAGNETO Systems FOR SMALL Aircraft A magneto operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, is self-contained and engine driven A magneto provides the Electrical power for the ignition system to keep the engine running once the engine has been started.

5 A magneto is a combination of a low voltage alternating current generator and a high voltage coil and distributor. The distributor in the magneto picks up the high voltage current from the coil and delivers it through the coil to the spark Magnetos Timing of magnetos is determined in the development phase. It is important to prevent pre-ignition and/or detonation. Small, general aviation Aircraft are usually equipped with two magnetos for efficiency, smoother operation of the engine , and redundancy, to prevent the loss of the system if one magneto were to fail (L & R) Most small Aircraft are equipped with a 28-volt direct current (DC) Electrical system, because an alternator produces more output for less weight compared to a generator and can produce a specific amount of power at a much lower rotational speed.

6 An alternator drives the Electrical devices and stores energy in the battery. The battery provides the power to crank the or Generator?OR The second Electrical system connects the Electrical buses and the devices to the battery through a switch, the master switch. The battery provides the power to crank the starter which will start the engine . Now, since the engine is running, the engine will supply power to the alternator and recharge the battery. The magnetos continually work to create spark, ignite fuel and crank the System,(in a nutshell) Inside the cockpit, you will find an ammeter Some instruments require electricity to function Read the pilot s operating manual (POH) and Aircraft flight manual (AFM) to learn how to identify and possibly handle any Electrical problem in flight.

7 In the event of a power failure, you should know whether or not an emergency landing is necessary. Evaluate Conditions VFR or IFR = Navequipment? Retractable Gear = extended? Flaps retracted or extended? Transponder/Commsavail?Know Your Systems ER Procedures 101 Aviate Best Landing Site CommunicateReferences Glenn Research Center, , 1-11-2008 Glenn Research Center, , 1-11-2008 Pilot Friend, , 1-11-2008 , 1-11-2008 Electrical &Magneto SystemsMark KinderNathan WilliamsonRichard DouglasAVIA 112 Outline Electrical Systems Alternator Battery Ammeter Master Switch Circuit Breakers & Fuses MagnetosAirplane Electrical SystemsBattery Stores Electricity Powers engine Short-term PowerMagnetos Supplies current to plugs Changes mechanicalenergy to Electrical Each A/C has 2 magnetos Provides redundancy Improves combustion Magneto is engine -drivenSummary Electrical Systems Alternator Battery Ammeter Master Switch Circuit Breakers & Fuses MagnetosElectrical SystemMagneto SystemsTypical Ignition Systemaircraft Electrical Systems generate.

8 Regulate and distribute Electrical power throughout the Aircraft flight instrument Systems use electricity Aircraft Electrical components operate on many different voltages both AC and DC Most Aircraft Systems use : 115 Volt Alternating Current (AC) @ 400 Hz 28 Volt Direct Current (DC)Most Aircraft engines provide power to generate AC generator (alternator) Systems The function of the Aircraft Electrical system is to generate, regulate and distribute Electrical power throughout the Aircraft . It is essential for the flight instrument Systems . Aircraft Electrical components operate on many different voltages both AC and DC However, most of the Systems use: 115 VAC @ 400 Hz 28 VDC Each of the engines on an Aircraft drives an AC generator (alternator). Electrical Power System Components AC Generator or Alternator Constant Speed Drive: in this case would be the belt driven by the engine .

9 Today's modern small Aircraft contain all of this inside the alternator: Integrated Drive Generator Transformer Rectifier Unit Generator Control UnitBasic Functions The basic functions of the Electrical system s components are to: Generate Power Control Electrical Power Protect the Electrical System Distribute Electrical Power Throughout the AircraftMagnetoHow theyWoRk! The ignition magneto combines the functions of a dynamo, contact breaker points, "condenser", and ignition coil. The engine spins a magnet inside a coil, and also operates a contact breaker, interrupting the current and causing the voltage to be increased sufficiently to jump a small gap. The spark plugs are connected directly from the magneto pilots Electrical and Magneto SystemsCorey Hjalseth Ali Spirggs Fernando RodriguezAircraft Magneto Systems A magneto is a combination of low and high voltage current generator and distributor.

10 The magnetos ignition coil transforms low voltage to high voltage. The distributor picks up the high voltage from the coils and delivers it to the spark plugs for ignition. Magneto DiagramAircraft Electrical Systems The purpose of an Aircraft Electrical system is to generate, regulate, and distribute Electrical power through the entire Aircraft . It consists of a battery, an alternator, and regulators for these devices. The alternator charges the battery just like in a System Run Through The master switch turns on the battery. The battery turns on all of your Aircraft lights. The Alternator is activated along with the radio and instrument lighting. The alternator continues to work and recharge the battery and thus light the Electrical System DiagramGeneral Aviation Aircraft Electrical and Magneto SystemsBy: Silvia Fresnedo, Mark Tison and Karen Fisher Electrical System The airplanes Electrical system consists of a battery and a generator or alternator with associated voltage regulators, current limiters, or other protective devices.