AJP-3.8 ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR NBC JULY 2003

1 NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED i ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR NBC JULY 2003 NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED ii ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED (INTENTIONALLY BLANK) NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED iii ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION NATO STANDARDIZATION AGENCY NATO LETTER OF PROMULGATION July 2003 1. - DOCTRINE FOR THE NBC DEFENCE OF NATO FORCES is a NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED publication. The agreement of nations to use this publication is recorded in STANAG 2451. 2. is effective on receipt and supersedes ATP-59(A) which should be destroyed in accordance with the local procedure for destruction of documents. Jan H ERIKSEN Rear Admiral, NONA Director, NSA NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED iv ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED (INTENTIONALLY BLANK) NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED v ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED RECORD OF RESERVATION BY NATIONS CHAPTER RECORD OF RESERVATION BY NATIONS 1 2 3 4 5 NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED vi ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED (INTENTIONALLY BLANK) NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED vii ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED RESERVED FOR NATIONAL LETTER OF PROMULGATION NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED viii ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED (INTENTIONALLY BLANK)

2 NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED ix ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED RECORD OF CHANGES Change Date Date Entered Effective Date By Whom Entered NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED x ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED (INTENTIONALLY BLANK) NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED xi ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED PREFACE The Alliance is to deter and defend against the use of NBC weapons. The aim in doing so is to further reduce operational vulnerabilities of NATO military forces while maintaining their flexibility and effectiveness despite the presence, threat or use of NBC weapons . (Alliance Strategic Concept, 29 April 99 C/M(99)21). Introduction 001. The successful planning, execution and support of NBC defence within military operations requires a clearly expressed and widely available Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) Defence DOCTRINE .

3 This is especially important when operations are to be conducted by Alliance or coalition forces. 002. describes the functional area of NBC defence. It is a level 2 Supporting JOINT DOCTRINE publication and it is subordinate to the Keystone AJP-3 ( ALLIED JOINT Operations) which in turn is subordinate to the Capstone AJP-01 ( ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE ). All other NATO documents with an NBC content will need to reflect the specialist guidance provided by 003. Although is intended for use by NATO forces, the DOCTRINE is equally applicable to operations conducted by a coalition of NATO and non-NATO nations within the framework of a NATO-led Combined JOINT Task Force (CJTF) or for European Union (EU) led operations using NATO assets and capabilities. 004. It is not intended that shall restrict the authority of a JOINT Force Commander (JFC).

4 The JFC will, subject to the constraints imposed by the directives issued by higher authority, be expected to organise the assigned forces and to plan and execute operations in a manner intended to ensure unity of effort in accomplishing the mission. The publication is intended for use primarily by commanders and staffs at the operational level but could be used at any level as a reference. Objectives 005. The objective of is to provide NATO NBC Defence DOCTRINE for the planning, execution and support of JOINT operations by establishing fundamental principles for the guidance of operational level commanders and their staffs in an NBC environment. 006. NBC Defence. The objective of NBC defence is to help to deter the use of NBC weapons and to protect forces from NBC events so that they are able to accomplish the mission and 1 STANAG 2451 provides the cover for NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED xii ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED maintain freedom of action.

5 An NBC event includes the release of hazards from use of NBC weapons and Release Other Than Attack (ROTA). Force Protection 007. In accordance with AJP-3, Force Protection aims to conserve the fighting potential of the deployed force by countering the wider threat to its elements from adversaries, natural and human hazards, and fratricide. Force Protection principles provide a guide for NBC defence. NBC Defence 008. Definition. NBC defence is defined as all measures designed to defend against attacks with nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological weapons or the hazards arising from Release Other Than Scope 009. provides NATO forces with the NBC Defence DOCTRINE for the planning, execution and support of NATO operations where there is a risk of NBC and TIM hazards. NBC Defence Principles are established for the guidance of strategic and operational level commanders and their staffs.

6 These principles provide a foundation for the preparation of a JOINT Force for NBC defence and the conduct of NBC defence on operations before, during and after an NBC event. 010. Limitations. does not cover actions to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of possible offensive use of NBC weapons by an adversary (active defence and/or counter-force operations). Amendment 011. If it is to be useful, has to be a living document and be amended regularly. The NBC Defence Operations Inter-Service Working Group will review, and amend as required, the contents periodically. 2 AAP-21. NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED xiii ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR NBC CONTENTS Page Chapter 1 - NBC Risks and Hazards Introduction 1-1 The Strategic Context 1-1 NBC Defence and Force Protection 1-2 The Characteristics and Effects of NBC Weapons 1-3 Toxic Industrial Materials 1-7 The Employment and Consequences on Operations of NBC Weapons 1-9 NBC and TIM Impacts at Different Operational Levels 1-11 Chapter 2 - The Principles and Components of NBC Defence Introduction 2-1 NBC Defence Principles and Components 2-1 Detection.

7 Identification and Monitoring 2-2 NBC Warning and Reporting 2-6 Physical Protection 2-7 Hazard Management 2-10 NBC Medical Countermeasures and Support 2-17 NBC Equipment Capability 2-18 NBC Defence Training and Evaluation 2-19 Communication and Information Systems Principles for Operations in an NBC Environment 2-19 Logistics Principles for Operations in an NBC Environment 2-20 Chapter 3 - Preparations for NBC Defence Introduction 3-1 Key NBC Defence Issues 3-2 Intelligence 3-3 The NBC Factor in Campaign Planning 3-4 Operational Environments 3-6 JOINT Staff Planning Functions and NBC Defence 3-8 Specialist NBC Defence Capability 3-14 Other Capabilities 3-15 Deployment 3-16 NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED xiv ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED Chapter 4 - The Conduct of NBC Defence on Operations Introduction 4-1 Assessment and Validation 4-1 Pre-Event Preparations 4-2 During-Event Actions 4-5 Post-Event Actions 4-7 Post Event Re-assessment 4-12 Annex A - NBC Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace and Support Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace A-1 Intelligence Support A-4 Annex B - NBC Defence Planning Estimate Annex C - The NBC Annex to Operation Plans/Orders Situation C-1 Mission C-2 Execution C-2 Service Support C-5 Command and Signals C-6 Annex D - NBC Standard Operating Procedures Introduction D-1 Co-ordination D-1 Pre-Event

8 Precautions D-1 During-Event Immediate Actions D-2 Post-Event Actions D-3 Annex E - Staff Functions J1 Personnel and Administration E-1 J3 Operations E-2 J4 Logistics E-3 J5 Plans and Policy E-4 NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED xv ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED Annex F - Medical Support for NBC Defence Operations NBC Defence and Medical Support F-1 Preventive Medicine Principles F-1 Medical Management F-2 Patient Evacuation F-3 Patient Decontamination and Triage F-3 Medical Facilities F-4 Impact on Health Services Support F-4 Production and Re-supply of Essential Medical Materiel F-5 Medical Augmentation for Operations in an NBC Contaminated Environment F-5 Individual NBC/TIH Medical Countermeasures and Support F-5 Specialised NBC/TIH Medical Countermeasures and Support F-5 Glossary of Abbreviations Glossary of Terms and Definitions References List of Effective Pages NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED xvi ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED (INTENTIONALLY BLANK) NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED 1-1 ORIGINAL NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED CHAPTER 1 NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL RISKS AND HAZARDS Section I - Introduction 0101.

9 This Chapter provides a broad description of the Nuclear Biological and Chemical (NBC)1 risks within the global security environment and the relationship between Force Protection principles and NBC Defence. The characteristics and effects of NBC weapons and Release Other Than Attack (ROTA) events are described. Deductions are then made about the resulting NBC hazards and their impact on the operational capability of a deployed JOINT Force. Section II - The Strategic Context 0102. Whilst the Cold War has ended and the threat of Global nuclear war has receded, the World remains unstable. There are a growing number of regional conflicts and the employment of asymmetric means by non-state forces, terrorists and extremist groups. Despite sustained efforts in the field of arms control, there is firm evidence of a continuing worldwide proliferation and development of NBC weapons and their delivery systems.

10 At the same time, expanding urbanisation and the global distribution of nuclear, biological and chemical industries and materials increases the possibilities of the release of Toxic Industrial Materials (TIM) into the environment as a result of neglect, natural disaster, deliberate action or collateral damage in the course of military operations. 0103. NATO undertakes political and diplomatic activities to eliminate the proliferation of NBC weapons, promote their destruction and deter their use. Diplomatic and political pressure is required to deter the development of NBC offensive programmes through treaty2 compliance. Treaty compliance is confirmed by arms control verification, and may involve inspections and/or embargoes. 0104. NATO operations need to be planned and conducted against a background of the risk of employment of NBC weapons3 and agents against its forces.