Alloy Selector Guide - americasttech.com

1 Alloy Selector Guide Revised 2013 BEP - Bradken Energy Products Alloy Guide 2013 Tacoma, Washington; Chehalis, Washington; london , ontario Page 1 Introduction The BEP A lloy Selector Guide presents ASTM Specifications in numerical order to facilitate quick reference and tentative material selection. It is impossible to cover each specification in detail. The following pages are brief descriptions of the salient features of each specification. ASTM specifications can be purchased from BEP, Bradken Energy Products, consists of Bradken-Tacoma (formerly known as Atlas Foundry and Atlas Castings and Technology), Bradken Chehalis, and Bradken london (formerly known as AG Anderson). These facilities produce castings from a wide variation of materials, especially carbon steel, low Alloy steel, stainless steel, and nickel base alloys . The london facility also produces some cast iron grades.

2 This Guide reflects requirements of the latest ASTM Standard: Volume , Ferrous Castings; Ferroalloys. This Selector also includes other alloys not included in ASTM that are cast by Bradken-Tacoma, alloys for military and offshore applications. From engineering to the finished casting product, BEP helps to define and meet every casting requirement presented by its customers. Chehalis and london melt using induction furnaces. Tacoma melts metal using basic arc furnaces and AOD refining. Tacoma s AOD (Argon, Oxygen, and Decarburization) refining process creates clean metal that can have exceptional properties. Table of Contents Introduction .. 1 Typical Footnotes and Nomenclature .. 3 ASTM A27 Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application .. 4 ASTM A148 Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes .. 5 ASTM A216 Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service .. 6 ASTM A217 Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy , Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service.

3 7 ASTM A297 - Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application .. 8 ASTM A351 Castings; Austenitic for Pressure-Containing Parts .. 9 ASTM A352 - Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature Service .. 11 ASTM A356 Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy , and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines .. 12 ASTM A389 Steel Castings, Alloy , Specially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service13 ASTM A447 Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25Cr-12Ni Class), for High-Temperature Service .. 13 ASTM A487 Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service .. 14 BEP - Bradken Energy Products Alloy Guide 2013 Tacoma, Washington; Chehalis, Washington; london , ontario Page 2 ASTM A494 Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy .. 16 ASTM A743 Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application.

4 17 ASTM A744 Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service .. 20 ASTM A747 Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening .. 21 ASTM A757 Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, Pressure-Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature Service . 22 ASTM A890 Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/Ferritic) General Application . 23 ASTM A915 Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy , Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades .. 24 ASTM A958 Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy , Tensile and Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades .. 25 ASTM A990 Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium, Nickel alloys , Specially Controlled, Pressure Retaining Parts, Corrosive 27 ASTM A995 Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts .. 28 ASTM A1001 - High Strength Castings in Heavy Sections .. 29 Offshore, Military, NAVSEA, and Other alloys , not listed under ASTM Specifications.

5 31 Metallurgical Tests .. 33 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATIONS (NDE) .. 34 NDE TYPES .. 34 NDE SPECIFICATIONS .. 35 Hardness Conversions .. 36 Austenitic Stainless Steel Hardness Conversions .. 36 Duplex Stainless Steel Hardness Conversions .. 37 CA6NM - Martensitic Stainless Steel .. 38 Bradken Alloy Cross Reference Tables .. 39-40 Bradken Alloy Data Sheets .. 41-62 BEP - Bradken Energy Products Alloy Guide 2013 Tacoma, Washington; Chehalis, Washington; london , ontario Page 3 Typical Footnotes and Nomenclature a) Indicated treatments are typical, other treatments may be applied to meet specific requirements. A = full anneal N = normalize T = temper Q = water quench C = as cast S = solution anneal PH = precipitation hardening FA = force air quench NT/QT = choice of NT or QT ~ = approximately equal to . b) Values are either required range or minimum. c) Not required by ASTM, values are typical at +70 F unless otherwise noted.

6 D) Chemistry of Tacoma (internal) Alloy may be slightly modified from material type. The 3 and 4 digit numbers are AISI Grades. A list of trademarks is provided. e) A Manganese for Carbon substitution is allowed. See specific ASTM specification Table for Chemical Requirements. BEP - Bradken Energy Products Alloy Guide 2013 Tacoma, Washington; Chehalis, Washington; london , ontario Page 4 ASTM A27 Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application These are the most commonly used grades of cast steel for general application. o Up to 70 ksi minimum tensile strength. o Excellent weldability and machinability. These materials can be supplied in the following heat treated condition: o Normalized, normalized and tempered, or quench and tempered. Chemical compositions have carbon, manganese, silicon, sulfur and phosphorous maximums. The purchaser must specify both the grade and class desired.

7 The grade specifies tensile and chemical requirements and the class indicates the post weld heat treatment: (See ASTM A27 paragraph ) Class 1: Casting must be post weld heat-treated and the welds to be heat-treated must be defined. Class 2: Post weld heat treatment is not required. Tensile (ksi)Yield (ksi)Elong in 2" (%)Red of Area (%)Typical Hardness HBWC MnSiApprox. Material TypeUNST acoma Alloy (d)N-1 QT or NT (e) , 725N-2 QT or NT (e) , 725U-60-30No Quote As Cast60-30 QT or NT (e) QT or NT (e) QT or NT (e) onlyChemistry onlyASTM A27- Steel Castings, Carbon, for General ApplicationGradeHeat Treatment (a)Chemical Composition % - MaximumMechanical Property Requirements (b) Alloy DesignationBEP - Bradken Energy Products Alloy Guide 2013 Tacoma, Washington; Chehalis, Washington; london , ontario Page 5 ASTM A148 Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes This specification is the most used specification in the low Alloy group throughout the industry.

8 Heat treatment methods are the option of the manufacturer. Mechanical properties are the prime criteria for these materials. Chemical composition limits are imposed on sulfur and phosphorus only. The Alloy is chosen by the foundry for best compliance to the grade required. When the maximum thickness of the casting is >3 inches and will be Q+T, then a test block Tx3Tx3T is imposed up to a maximum of T=5 inches. ASTM A148 - Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structional Purposes Tensile (ksi) Yield (ksi) Elong in 2" (%) Red. of Area (%) Charpy V-Notch (ft lbf/ F) Typical Hardness BHWT acoma Alloy (d) 80-40 QT or NT 80401830 183 820*831* 80-50 QT or NT 80502235 183 820*831* 90-60 QT90602040 212 820*831* 105-85 QT105851735 255 820*831* 115-95 QT 115951430 269 820*831* 130-115 QT 1301151125 293 820*831* 135-125 QT 135125922 311 820*831* 150-135 QT 150135718 340 160-145 QT 160145612 364 165-150 QT 165150520 387 165-150L QT 165150520 20/-40 387 210-180 QT 210180415 444 210-180L QT 210180415 15/-40 444 260-210 QT 26021036 500 260-210L QT 26021036 6/-40 500 Grade Heat Treatment (a) Mechanical Property Requirements (b) *Tacoma Alloy 820 is typically used for these grades forup to 4 inches in wall thickness.

9 Atlas Alloy 831is typically used for thickness exceeding 4 alloys are best for smaller thinner castings (<500lb). The chemistry selected for these grades is dependent on the casting configuration and size. Chemistry may be selected by the foundry or, by agreement, may be prescribed by the purchaser. These grades are very hard, crack prone, and difficult to weld and machine. Note the low elongation values specified. Chemical Composition % - MaximumAlloy DesignationChemical Composition % Range or MaximumBEP - Bradken Energy Products Alloy Guide 2013 Tacoma, Washington; Chehalis, Washington; london , ontario Page 6 ASTM A216 Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service Carbon steel castings are typically used for fittings, pumps, valves, flanges or other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service. All three grades have excellent machinability and weldability.

10 Repairs by welding shall be made using procedures and welders qualified under ASTM A488 or in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. Supplemental requirement, S11, may be imposed for maximum carbon equivalent to control weldability. Supplementary requirement, S15, allows a water quench and temper heat treatment when specified by the user. When Charpy V-notch impact toughness is required, water quench and temper will be invoked. Supplementary requirement, S16, is for Hydrofluoric acid service. This limits residual elements to very low levels. For this requirement select Tacoma Alloy 711. Tensile (ksi)Yield (ksi)Elong in 2" (%)Red of Area (%)Charpy V-Notch (ft-lb/ F) Typical Hardness HBWC MnSiCrNiMoApprox. Material TypeUNST acoma Alloy (d) WCA NT 60-85 302435 150.